torstai 26. heinäkuuta 2018

Does removing sugar from your diet starve cancer cells? New study finds surprising answers

Does removing sugar from your diet starve cancer cells?
New study finds surprising answers


(Natural News) Cutting back on sugar may help decrease your likelihood of getting certain cancers, a recent study noted. The finding, which was part of an investigation made by researchers from Duke-NUS Medical School and the National University of Singapore, together with the Duke University School of Medicine and the Medical University of Vienna, is part of a unique approach explaining how reducing sugar can cause cancer cells to die.

The paper, which was published in the online journal Science Signaling, presented a novel cell death pathway through introducing how depriving cancer cells of sugar can trigger a reaction that causes them to die. This research builds on earlier scientific literature that indicates that cancer cells that quickly multiply need higher levels of sugar than healthy cells. (Related: More Evidence that Sugar Fuels Cancer Growth.)

In the study, researchers found that in specific cancer cells, the presence of low levels of sugar that are insufficient for providing energy may be used as a method to enhance the survivability of the cells. They then posited that this might be another effect that sugar has on cancer cells.
They also found that when cancer cells are deprived of sugar, this causes a reaction across the cancer cell membrane and leads to an increased intake of calcium ions into the cells, which causes them to die ultimately. For the study, they used two cancer cells: one that contained extra glucose and the other, which didn’t. Both samples were then exposed to a “two-pronged attack.” The first one was with STF-31, a compound that inhibits glucose transport into cells, and the second one was with thapsigargin, which increases the level of calcium in cells. The team found out the cancer cells that had that extra glucose in them were unaffected; however, those with limited reserves were killed off.
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The team believes that this approach can be used in unique approaches to treating cancer. Initial tests in the study showed that depriving cancer cells of sugar and increasing the body’s calcium levels managed to destroy cancer cells while leaving the healthy ones unharmed. Also, only certain types of cancer cells were noted to have lost the capacity to maintain intercellular sugar levels after the treatment. Researchers believe that this only applies to cells which are sensitive to sugar deprivation.
“Because these phenomena are not seen in normal/healthy cells, this inability of some tumors to maintain intracellular glucose levels could be an unappreciated Achilles’ heel that might be therapeutically targeted,” the researchers wrote of the results, as it appeared in Cosmos. “A molecular signature of cancers with reduced ability to maintain intracellular glucose would help develop that strategy for clinical application.”
Of the results, the team plans to conduct further research to create possible treatment procedures from this approach in the future.

Other adverse effects of added sugar on the body

One of the leading causes of the increase of sugar in the body is the consumption of added sugars. Unlike naturally-occurring sugars, which can already be found in fresh fruit and vegetables, added sugars that are found in processed food and beverages overload the body, carrying a significant risk of disease. Here are some of the other dangers that added sugars have on our body.
  1. It contains no essential nutrients. Added sugars such as high fructose corn syrup found in sweetened drinks do not provide any nutrients aside from calories. Regular consumption of these “empty” calories can lead to significant nutrient deficiencies.
  2. It can overload your liver. Sugar is metabolized into glucose and fructose when it enters the body. Added sugars, when consumed, turn into large amounts of fructose, which are turned into fat in the liver. This can lead to fatty liver and other conditions.
  3. It can contribute to obesity in both children and adults. Due to the effects of added sugars, the brain feels less satisfied after eating it, which triggers an increased consumption.
Learn more about the adverse effects of sugar by going to Sweeteners.news today.
Sources include:
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sunnuntai 22. heinäkuuta 2018

Doctors kill 2,450% more Americans than all gun-related deaths combined

Every U.S. hospital is another Sandy Hook


(NaturalNews) Everyone agrees the Sandy Hook shooting was a tragedy. Lots of people subsequently exploited the deaths of those children to push a political agenda of disarming Americans by claiming "guns kill people."

But compared to what? Swimming pools kill people. Horseback riding kills people. And yes, even childbirth kills people. (Does that mean we should criminalize getting pregnant?)

To make any sense of death statistics, we have to ask, "Compared to what?" Because if we compare deaths by firearms to other causes of death, the picture is very, very different from the doomsday fear mongering scenarios CNN and other gun control pushers have whipped up into a nationwide frenzy. In fact, as the following infographic shows, doctors kill 2,450% more Americans than all gun-related deaths combined.

Your doctor is FAR more likely to kill you than an armed criminal

It's true: You are 64 times more likely to be killed by your doctor than by someone else wielding a gun. That's because 19,766 of the total 31,940 gun deaths in the USA (in the year 2011) were suicides. So the actual number of deaths from other people shooting you is only 12,174.

Doctors, comparatively, kill 783,936 people each year, which is 64 times higher than 12,174. Doctors shoot you not with bullets, but with vaccines, chemotherapy and pharmaceuticals... all of which turn out to be FAR more deadly than guns.

This is especially amazing, given that there are just under 700,000 doctors in America, while there are roughly about 80 million gun owners in America.

How do 700,000 doctors manage to kill 783,936 people each year (that's over one death per doctor), while 80 million gun owners kill only 31,940? Because owning a gun is orders of magnitude safer than "practicing" medicine!

Check out the following infographic, which can also be viewed in a higher resolution at:
www.naturalnews.com/Infographic-Firearms-vs-...




As the infographic explains, you are over three times more likely to be killed by a drug side effect than a firearm.

On the firearms side of things, you are almost twice as likely to be killed by YOURSELF than by someone else using a gun. But even this number can't be blamed on guns themselves, because if people really want to commit suicide, they will find other ways to accomplish it (such as jumping off buildings or bridges).

Where is the call for "doctor control?"

Despite the statistical fact that you are overall 24.5 times more likely to be killed by your doctor than by a gun -- and it's actually far worse if you spend more time around doctors than you do gang members -- there is absolutely no call in the media for "doctor control."

There's zero talk about making medications safer, or reducing the number of people who are medicated every day in America.

There's no mention of the astonishing fact that surgical procedures do not need to be proven safe and effective before being tried on patients. Surgery in America is, in effect, a grand experiment often conducted with little or no scientific support.

There's no discussion of the fact that psychiatric drugs promote violent shootings as we've seen over and over again across America.

Nope, the entire focus is on how BAD guns are, while the government simultaneously promotes how GOOD vaccines are! ...and chemotherapy, surgery, pharmaceuticals and everything else that's killing us en masse.

Every U.S. hospital is another Sandy Hook

Hundreds of people are killed every single day across U.S. hospitals from pharmaceutical side effects alone. On top of that, hospitals are killing people with superbug infections, fouled up surgeries, and failed heart stents, among other deadly problems.

Sandy Hook was the tragedy the government wanted you to see. But they didn't want you to pay attention to all the deaths happening elsewhere -- in far greater numbers -- such as at hospitals and via pharmacies.

Because all those deaths overseen by doctors and pharmacists are making billions of dollars for the corrupt, criminally-run pharmaceutical industry and the for-profit, corporate-driven health care complex.

While Sandy Hook was mass murder, the U.S. health care system is practically a holocaust. In fact, the U.S. health care system has killed more people than Adolf Hitler -- by far!

Spread the word: If we want to save lives, the most important place to start is at the doctors and drug companies. They are dealers of death who have been granted obscene monopolies by the FDA and state medical boards. Until their stranglehold on U.S. health care is finally broken, millions more innocent Americans will die at the hands of doctors, surgeons and pharmacists.



Thursday, January 31, 2013
by Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
Editor of NaturalNews.com (See all articles...)
Tags: doctorsgunsstatistics

___

http://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2017/03/dead-doctors-nagalase-and-vaccines.html

https://thevaccinereaction.org/2019/04/no-mercy-for-mothers-or-their-vaccine-injured-children/

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/04/dengue-vaccine-fiasco-leads-criminal-charges-researcher-philippines


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More

  1. http://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2017/03/dead-doctors-nagalase-and-vaccines.html
  2. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/the-20-most-frequent-objections-to.html
  3. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/led-by-nose-new-dangers-of-flu-vaccine.html
  4. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/rokoteasiantuntija-en-uskaltaisi-antaa.html
  5. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/monday-april-23-2018-homosexuality.html
  6. https://thevaccinereaction.org/2019/04/no-mercy-for-mothers-or-their-vaccine-injured-children/
  7. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/04/dengue-vaccine-fiasco-leads-criminal-charges-researcher-philippines
  8. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2015/05/help-stop-forced-vaccinations-and.html https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2016/10/what-do-sugar-trans-fat-and-vaccines.html
  9. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2018/06/doctor-blows-whistle-on-flu-shot-its.html
  10. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2018/06/us-government-statistics-reveal-that.html
  11. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2018/10/media-blackout-as-italian-court-rules.html
  12. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2018/11/court-ruling-confirms-gardasil-vaccine.html
  13. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2018/11/flu-vaccine-contains-25000-times-more.html
  14. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2018/11/flu-vaccine-bombshell-630-more.html
  15. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2019/02/multiple-strains-of-deadly-pig-virus.html
  16. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2019/05/the-facts-are-clear-infectious-disease.html
  17. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2019/05/cdc-document-bombshell-reveals-list-of.html
  18. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2019/07/germany-announces-mandatory.html
  19. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2015/04/teen-girl-kidnapped-by-state-forced-to.html
  20. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_80.html
  21. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2019/05/corrupt-fda-finally-releases-results-of.html
  22. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/the-20-most-frequent-objections-to.html
  23. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/merck-fighting-fraud-lawsuits-in-u.html
  24. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2015/12/elevated-nagalase-enzyme-found-in-most.html
  25. https://vaccineimpact.com/2017/international-study-an-honest-look-at-the-statistics-shows-that-the-hpv-vaccine-is-not-safe/
  26. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2016/04/government-directly-admits-vaccines.html
  27. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2019/05/measle-infected-baby-photos-faked-by.html
  28. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2018/12/vaccines-linked-to-autism-once-again.html
  29. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2017/02/biologist-proves-measles-isnt-virus.html
  30. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/merck-fighting-fraud-lawsuits-in-u.html
  31. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2019/02/doctors-claim-sspe-autism-disorder.html
  32. http://graviolateam.blogspot.fi/2017/02/mmr-measles-vaccine-clinical-trial.html
  33. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/to-vaccinate-or-not-to-vaccinate-no.html
  34. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/the-20-most-frequent-objections-to.html
  35. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2017/02/biologist-proves-measles-isnt-virus.html
  36. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/merck-fighting-fraud-lawsuits-in-u.html
  37. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2019/02/doctors-claim-sspe-autism-disorder.html
  38. http://graviolateam.blogspot.fi/2017/02/mmr-measles-vaccine-clinical-trial.html
  39. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/to-vaccinate-or-not-to-vaccinate-no.html
  40. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/the-20-most-frequent-objections-to.html
  41. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/duty-to-warn-and-cervical-cancer-are-we.html
  42. https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/2018/06/gardasil-is-destroying-young-girls.html

_
EOF

keskiviikko 11. heinäkuuta 2018

How (and Why) Your Brain Makes Its Own Cannabinoids


How (and Why) Your Brain Makes Its Own Cannabinoids


A crash course on the endocannabinoid system in preparation of the premier of 'Weediquette.




The endocannabinoid system. Image by Alex Reyes
As you probably already know, unlike waterpotatoes, and many top-selling pharmaceutical drugs, it's virtually impossible to fatally overdose on marijuana.
What you might not realize, however, is that this remarkable attribute of weed stems from the fact that the human body actually produces its own "endogenous" cannabinoids (chemicals otherwise unique to the cannabis plant). These cannabinoids—whether formed in your brain or inhaled via a nice fat joint—fit neatly into a series of specialized receptors located throughout the human body, with their greatest concentration in the hippocampus (which regulates memory), the cerebral cortex (cognition), the cerebellum (motor coordination), the basal ganglia (movement), the hypothalamus (appetite), and the amygdala (emotions). Cannabinoid receptors are similarly found in "every animal species down to the sponge," Dr. Donald Abrams, chief of hematology / oncology at San Francisco General Hospital and a leading medical marijuana researcher, told VICE's Krishna Andavolu.
Dr. Abrams was speaking to Andavolu about cannabinoid receptors for the first episode of Weediquette, our show about all things weed on our new TV channel, VICELAND. The episode explores the potential therapeutic benefits of THC in children with serious illnesses. When compared to the side effects of other drugs commonly prescribed to kids with cancer, the decision of parents to administer large doses of highly-concentrated cannabis oil to their sick children seems to some the better choice.
First identified in the late 1980s, the so-called endocannabinoid system consists of CB1 receptors predominantly located in the nervous system, connective tissues, gonads, glands, and organs; and CB2 receptors, primarily found in the immune system and also present in the spleen, liver, heart, kidneys, bones, blood vessels, lymph cells, endocrine glands, and reproductive organs. These receptors can be stimulated and modulated by compounds called endocannabinoids that are produced naturally in the body, like anandamide (ananda is the Sanskrit word for bliss); by ingesting a set of closely-related botanically-based phytocannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the cannabis plant's best known and most psychoactive compound; or by ingesting synthetic cannabinoids produced in a laboratory. After binding to receptors in the body that fit them like a lock fits a key, these endo, phyto, and synthetic cannabinoids all produce a wide range of physiological effects, altering everything from blood pressure to pain response to memory to appetite to "consciousness."
"The endogenous cannabinoid system, named after the plant that led to its discovery, is perhaps the most important physiologic system involved in establishing and maintaining human health," Dr. Dustin Sulak, a leading practitioner of what some have dubbed cannabinopathic medicine, said during a lecture at the 2010 NORML convention. "In each tissue, the cannabinoid system performs different tasks," he said. "But the goal is always the same: homeostasis, the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment."

'Weediquette,' episode 1, 'Stoned Kids.' Watch new episodes of 'Weediquette' Tuesdays at 11 PM EST on our shiny new TV channel, VICELAND.
Marijuana Minors
Think of the endocannabinoid system as your body's "root level" operating system—a kind of central processing unit that regulates and alters the functioning of many other important systems and keeps them in balance.
Martin Lee, author of Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuananotes in his book that cannabinoid receptors are more abundant in the brain than any other type of neurotransmitter receptor and "function as subtle sensing devices, tiny vibrating scanners perpetually primed to pick up biochemical cues that flow through fluids surrounding each cell... When tickled by THC or its endogenous cousins, these receptors trigger a cascade of biochemical changes on a cellular level that puts the brakes on excessive physiological activity. Endocannabinoids are the only neurotransmitters that engage in such 'retrograde signaling,' a form of intracellular communication that inhibits immune response, reduces inflammation, relaxes musculature, lowers blood pressure, dilates bronchial passages, and normalizes overstimulated nerves. Retrograde signaling serves as an inhibitory feedback mechanism that tells other neurotransmitters to 'cool it' when they are firing too fast."
The system's discovery kickstarted a profound sea change in medical science's understanding of neurological functioning. In a 2006 study published in Pharmacological Review, National Institute of Health researcher Pal Pacher, M.D., Ph.D explained the cognitive leap that took place.
"In the past decade, the endocannabinoid system has been implicated in a growing number of physiological functions, both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in peripheral organs," Dr. Palcher wrote. "Modulating the activity of the endocannabinoid system turned out to hold therapeutic promise in a wide range of disparate diseases and pathological conditions, ranging from mood and anxiety disorders, movement disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury, to cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, glaucoma, obesity/metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis, to name just a few."
But what happens when you purposefully disrupt the body's ability to stimulate the endocannabinoid system?
Things can go haywire, as discovered when Big Pharma tested Rimonabant, an anti-obesity drug designed to create a kind of "reverse munchies" by preventing cannabinoids (endo or phyto) from binding to CB1 and CB2 receptors. Those enrolled in a planned 33-month study of Rimonabant did report lower overall appetite when taking the drug, but they also demonstrated an increased risk of suicide so pronounced that the study was abandoned after little more than a year—and four suicides.

"Patients taking Rimonabant reported feeling severely depressed and having serious thoughts about committing suicide," Psychology Today reported. "It was as though the patients had lost their ability to experience pleasure... [Which] tells neuroscientists that our endogenous marijuana system is normally involved, either directly or indirectly, in controlling our mood and allowing us to experience pleasure; antagonizing the actions of this chemical in the brain leads to depression with possibly dangerous consequences."
For more information on the endocannabinoid system, and the parents testing cannabis as a treatment for pediatric cancer, check out "Stoned Kids," the first episode of Weediquette airing tomorrow on VICELAND at 11 PM EST.
Watch all the first episodes of our shows now at VICELAND.com

Chemotherapy Fails Almost 97% of the Time Yet Doctors Still Recommend It, Why?


  • If Ford Motor Company made an automobile that exploded 97 percent of the time, would they still be in business?
  • Cancer is the second leading cause of death here in the United States.
  • Chemotherapy is still used in current times is because it is a huge profit maker.
  • Lives are not as important as money when it comes to the Big Pharma.
  • Tämä on järjestelmällinen virhe lääketieteen ytimessä. – Tri Ben Goldacre.




Truth News 

Chemotherapy Fails Almost 97% of the Time Yet Doctors Still Recommend It, Why?


The only reason why chemotherapy is still used in current times is because it is a huge profit maker. Lives are not as important as money when it comes to the Big Pharma.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death here in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about one of every four deaths is caused by cancer. In just 2014 alone 591,686 people died of cancer.
Traditional cancer treatment is nothing but radiation, chemotherapy, and surgeries. However, when you think about the side effects of chemotherapy and how ineffective it truly is for most it does not seem worth it. Especially now, when you consider the different forms of alternative medicine that have proven to work so much more efficiently.
As you will see below, there are quite a few doctors who have been speaking out about the dangers and ineffectiveness of chemotherapy for quite some time. While most will try to do their best to discredit these doctors they are speaking nothing but the truth. Peter Glidden as you will see below is well rounded and knows exactly what he is talking about.
“The only reason chemotherapy is used is because doctors make money from it — period. It doesn’t work 97 percent of the time.
If Ford Motor Company made an automobile that exploded 97 percent of the time, would they still be in business?”
 -Peter Glidden
Chemotherapy is extremely expensive and most of the time the families of those who pass are left to deal with the medical bills that were piling up. A study titled: “Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Induces Breast Cancer Metastasis Through a TMEM-Mediated Mechanism”actually proved that cancer treatment can cause lethal tumors.
This research came from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and suggests that while chemotherapy may be able to shrink a cancerous tumor it is not getting rid of it. It is merely sending the cancer cells off and spreading them apart. This sending them to other parts of the body and not removing them. These cells slowly make their way back to one another and form a new tumor over time.
The cancer industry is worth billions those profiting from chemotherapy will never end. People need to know there are alternative treatments that work. Chemotherapy is not the only option. We deserve better, we deserve to live. Please take the time to check out the video below. To learn more about chemotherapy please click here.
http://www.unseen-pedia.com/chemotherapy-fails-almost-97-time-yet-doctors-still-recommend/



maanantai 9. heinäkuuta 2018

What is GcMAF - How GcMAF works - Colostrum MAF clinical application


What is GcMAF - How GcMAF works - Colostrum MAF clinical application


What is GcMAF?
  • GcMaF (Gc Protein derived Macrophage Activating Factor) is a protein is normally found in the blood of healthy people.  It is created in the body naturally to fight cancer.
  • GcMAF occurs naturally in our bodies and instructs macrophages to destroy cancerous cells and foreign invaders by activating them.
  • It is an immunomodulatory protein whose activity affects the function of the immune system by modification of vitamin D-binding protein.
  • There are 20 known effects of GcMAF in the body including its six attacks on cancer. Without GcMAF, your immune system collapses and the disease or cancer becomes chronic.
  • GcMAF helps to activate vitamin D to kill cancer cells in the body.  GcMAF is a glycoprotein that activates macrophages which in turn increases macrophage activity and transforms them into Natural Killer (NK) cells for fighting cancer, autism, autoimmune diseases.
  • The production of GcMAF can be blocked by an enzyme called Nagalase (alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase), which is produced by many cancers. Some researchers say the nagalase enzyme protein is being added through vaccinations.
  • MAFs are in a class of protein known as a lymphokine. They regulate the expression of antigens on the surface of macrophages. One of their functions is to “activate” macrophages, which can under the rightcircumstances will attack cancer cells.
  • Nagalase is an extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme that is secreted by cancerous cells in the process of tumor invasion. It is also an intrinsic component of the envelope protein of various virions, such as HIV and the influenza virus. In short, nagalase prevents the immune system from doing its job.
  • In the presence of nagalase, GcMAF cannot function to reduce cancerous tumors.


How GcMAF works


How GcMaF actually works. This short video will help you understand how far we have come at beating Cancer cells, Autism and anything affecting the immune system. Learn more about GcMaF (Vitamin D Transport Protein) by watching this short video, be sure to like and subscribe to our channel.

Our team do not take sides against mainstream medicine or Holistic. Our team like to choose from the best of everything available to us at the tips of our fingertips, we therefore use both practises all under one roof. We simply use what works best without doing harm to the body or taking away quality of life.

To View articles and information regarding GcMaf please see: https://healingoracle.ch/category/gcmaf/




"GcMAF and/or oral Colostrum MAF macrophage activation therapy is indicated in the treatment of any diseases where there is immune dysfunction or where the immune system is compromised," explains http://www.saisei-mirai.or.jp/ of Japan that sells an oral form of GcMAF.
Besides cancer, the conditions listed as appropriate candidates for GcMAF treatment include:
  • Cancer
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
  • Herpes Simplex virus (HSV)
  • Cystitis
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS)
  • Urinary tract infection (UTI)
  • Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
  • Endometriosis
  • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
  • Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)
  • IgA deficiency disorder
  • Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)
  • Mycobacteria infections
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Tuberculosis
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)
  • Lupus (Systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE)
  • HIV AIDS
  • Dengue fever
  • Pneumonia infection
  • Warts caused by viral infection
  • Norovirus
  • Malaria Influenza virus (flu)
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
  • Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
  • Chicken pox (varicella zoster virus)
  • Psoriasis
  • Respiratory tract infections
  • Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease
  • Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM)
  • Type 1.5 diabetes, Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA)



ASK:  sales@graviolaa.fi

California Gold Nutrition, Colostrum, 240 Veggie Capsules


Description

  • Highly Concentrated
  • 20%** IgG
  • 15%** PRPs
  • A Dietary Supplement
Our highly concentrated, first-milking Colostrum is produced using a proprietary process and it standardized to provide naturally occurring IgG and PRPs (Proline-Rich Polypeptides).
  • 20%** IgG (Immunoglobulins G1 & G2)
  • 15% PRPs (Proline-Rich Polypeptides) - Considered to be Colostrum's most important fraction.
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Review Article - Neuropsychiatry (2017) Volume 7, Issue 3


Development of colostrum MAF and its clinical application

*Corresponding Author:
Haruka Amitani, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine
Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
Tel: +81-99-275-5751
Fax: +81-99-275-5749
E-mail: amitani@m3.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp

Abstract

Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a new and appealing strategy for cancer treatment and various other acute and chronic diseases. Essential components of the natural immune system-phagocytic cells called macrophages-multiply in response to an infection in the body. The use of a macrophage activating therapy, such as macrophage activating factor (MAF), has extensive applications for treating numerous diseases by activating the natural macrophages of the body to stimulate the immune system. The aim of this review is to provide insight into the features and clinical efficacy of a new type of macrophage-activating factor derived from colostrum, called colostrum MAF.

Keywords

Immunotherapy, Macrophage Activating Factor (MAF), Colostrum MAF

Introduction

Many diseases, including cancer and AIDS, develop because of the compromise or failure of the natural immune system. Currently, researchers have learned the stimulation of the natural immune system can arrest or even reverse diseases, such as cancer and AIDS. Recently, the new strategy of immunotherapy has become an appealing strategy for the treatment of cancer, as well as the treatment of various other acute and chronic diseases [1].
The body’s basic self-defense against disease is the immune system [2]. The immune system can perceive numerous pathogens in the environment, including tumor cells within the body. The immune system’s method of protection consists of two categories of immunity: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Several types of cells exist in the innate immune system, including phagocytic neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and natural killer cells. The adaptive immune system consists of lymphocytes, including both T cells and B cells, which can distinguish and memorize specific pathogens and their products, including antibodies.
An essential component of the innate immune system, macrophages are phagocytic cells that multiply in response to an infection within the body. Macrophages distinguish, overwhelm, and obliterate pathogens, cancer cells, and foreign substances. These macrophages also circulate cytokines and eliminate cellular debris and cells that have undergone apoptosis [3]. Broadly, macrophages are divided into two classes: tissue-resident macrophages and infiltrating macrophages. Most of the body’s tissues have tissue-resident macrophage populations [4].
Intestinal macrophages of the gastrointestinal tract, Langerhans cells, dermal macrophages, Kupffer cells, motile liver macrophages, brain microglia, alveolar and interstitial lung macrophages, spleen red pulp macrophages, and bone marrow macrophages are examples of tissue-resident macrophages. By definition, all these macrophages exist in their respective organ tissues and execute homeostatic tissuespecific functions [4-6]. The source of infiltrating macrophages-inflammatory monocytes-move selectively to areas of inflammation, manufacture inflammatory cytokines, and contribute to both local and systemic inflammation [7]. Infiltrating macrophages occur in pathological environments, including: cancer, atherosclerosis, and metabolic diseases [6]. Macrophages have an important function in wound healing and skin repair. They add to the stimulation of epithelial stem cells and the cyclic stimulation of hair follicle stem cells. The findings could have adaptive implications for skin repairs, hair regrowth, and inflammatory skin diseases [8].
Known as a vitamin D binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF), Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) is a potent endogenous macrophage activator that exists naturally in blood. Recently, MAF has been found to offer health benefits. The purpose of this review is to create awareness about the concepts and clinical efficacy of a new type of macrophage-activating factor currently being developed from colostrum (colostrum MAF).

The preceding MAF

▪ First generation GcMAF (Purified GcMAF)
Dr. Nobuto Yamamoto discovered GcMAF in 1991. GcMAF is a derivative of the group-specific component (Gc) protein (vitamin D binding protein), which is a component of the albumin superfamily [9]. Purified GcMAF, the first-generation GcMAF, was made using artificial enzymatic treatments of non-specific human Gc protein, which was purified by vitamin D-affinity chromatography. GcMAF is a remarkable serum glycoprotein with numerous biological activities. During an inflammatory response in the body, GcMAF is produced when sialidase of a T-cell and cegalactosidase of an activated B-cell hydrolyze the terminal galactose and sialic acid saccharides of Gc protein [10]. GcMAF exhibits a remarkable biological activity; GcMAF activates macrophages using superoxide radical generation and phagocytic activation [10,11], and in vivo, has shown anti-angiogenic [12,13] and anti-tumor [14-16] properties. Additionally, GcMAF directly inhibits propagation and migration of human prostate cancer cells or human breast cancer cells, independently from its macrophage activation abilities [17].
In patients with metastatic breast cancer [18], prostate cancer [19], and metastatic colorectal cancer [20], clinical trials have been conducted using GcMAF. Significantly, among all patients who were administered weekly doses of 100 ng of GcMAF during a 7 to 19-week time frame, cancer did not reappear within a four to seven year period. However, some problems existed with the clinical trials because no apparent classifications of patient histopathological types, grades, and stages were made. Also, the curative conclusions were based exclusively on patient N-acetylgalactosaminidase (Nagalase) activities. In the clinical trials, no measurements were taken of the tumor markers or cytokine levels, and no control group existed.
Additionally, a noteworthy clinical report of HIV treatment using GcMAF [21] was made. Based on a weekly administration of 100 ng of GcMAF to 15 non-anemic HIV-infected patients, results showed the number of CD4+ cells increased to normal levels, the number of CD8+ cells decreased to normal levels, and often within 6 weeks, the amount of HIV-1 RNA and p24 antigen were imperceptible in the patient’s blood tests. This report considered that the positive effect of the destruction of the HIV was potentially caused by the GcMAF-activated macrophages phagocytosing and destroying the virus. GcMAF was active in the monocytes and macrophages isolated from these patients with AIDS [22].

▪ Second generation GcMAF (Serum GcMAF)
A significant problem has been associated with purification of first-generation GcMAF for clinical use. In previous research, an affinity column modified with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 was used to produce purified GcMAF [23]. However, contamination is difficult to avoid when a column is repeatedly used. When at room temperature-in an environment with oxygen, and in the absence of antioxidants, such as albumin and uric acid, which are plentiful in blood-purified GcMAF is unstable [24]. To overcome the stability issue with first-generation GcMAF, second-generation GcMAF is produced using artificial enzymatic treatment of human serum without the purification that uses vitamin D-affinity chromatography. In mice, the artificial enzymatic treatment enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and extended the survival period among mice with Ehrlich ascites tumors [25]. In the case of reports, second generation GcMAF-based immunotherapy partnered with numerous other therapies that were useful in treating cancer patients [26,27].
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases distinguished by symptoms of restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and lack of language and social skills [28]. While no specific biological markers exist for autism and ASD, people with ASD and their family members often describe immune system anomalies [29]. The current hypothesis is some combination of immune factors, including maternally developed antibodies to fetal brain tissue, tends to set up microglia so as to prevent the normal functions of directing neuronal migration and pruning [30,31]. In a clinical study of autistic individuals, second generation GcMAF was able to normalize the experiential differences of dysregulated gene expression of the endocannabinoid system in patients’ cultured blood monocyte-derived macrophages (BMDMs) [32]. Based on assessments of intelligence, cognition, and behavior of the autistic patients in the study, further studies involving these evaluations are needed.

Colostrum MAF

▪ Bovine colostrum
During the first several days post-parturition, cows produced a type of milk called bovine colostrum for their newborn calves. The bovine colostrums, a thick, sticky, yellow-colored liquid, contain serum proteins and antibodies, including albumin, insulin-like growth factor, epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M, which all serve to protect newborn calves from various infectious diseases; however, unlike mature milk, bovine colostrums contain lower amounts of carbohydrates and lipids [33]. Scientists have known the beneficial attributes of colostrum for centuries, but only recently have researchers analyzed the biological components that account for the unique actions of colostrum [34,35]. Notably, all newborns have subtle and immature gastrointestinal systems, and colostrum is used to provide naturally created nutrients in a potent but low-volume process. Additionally, colostrum properties also act to protect and mature the gastrointestinal tract [36]. Colostrum is also used to transfer maternal immunity to the newborn, based on immunoglobulin [37] and also based on factors of their inborn systems [38].

▪ Preparation of colostrum MAF
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is known to provide protection from a variety of infections and interacts with the Fc receptor (Fction from a variety of inflammatory effects [39]. Additionally, IgA has an O-linked sugar chain, and the binding property for the Fc receptor is reduced if many sialic acid residues exist [40]. Reportedly, the number of N-acetylgalactosamine moieties attached to IgA O-linked glycans was significantly reduced in Crohn’s patients and correlated strongly with clinical activity [41].
Additionally, Gc protein has an O-linked sugar chain. The hydrolysis of galactose and sialic acid of the Gc protein causes inflammation and is mediated by membrane-bound d galactosidase that exists on activated B-cells and sialidase on T-cells to produce GcMAF with a GalNAc moiety [10]. Using the hypothesis that bovine colostrum could be utilized as a macrophage activator if enzymatically modified IgA and Gc protein exhibited activity similar to the activity GcMAF, one study prepared galactosylated and desialylated bovine colostrum and showed it had the ability to activate macrophage phagocytosis [43]. Thus, colostrum MAF, a new form of a macrophageactivating factor, has been developed.

▪ Features of colostrum MAF
Previous studies show that colostrum MAF greatly enhanced phagocytic activity in the peritoneal macrophages and intestinal macrophages of mice, in vitro and in vivo respectively [42]. The consensus has been that materials with a molecular weight over 500 Da do not undergo intestinal absorption. In contrast, it has been reported that, in mice intestinal tracts, peptides of essentially high molecular weight (~15,000 Da) could be absorbed [43]. Therefore, these findings suggest that glycoprotein in the bovine colostrum with a high molecular weight can be absorbed from the intestinal tract.
To activate macrophages in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), colostrum MAF is dispensed in the mouth along with Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring (Figure 1). Additionally, colostrum MAF may be administered in other areas of the body where macrophages exist. In particular, GALT is considered the largest macrophage pool in the body, having an essential role in maintaining and regulating mucosal immunity [44,45]. Thus, it has been shown that oral colostrum MAF-within an acid-resistant enteric-coated capsule-has a potential effect for directly activating a large number of macrophages in GALT to stimulate the immune system.






Figure 1: Colostrum MAF is able to reach a target tissue such as Waldeyer’s tonsillar
ring 
or GALT by changing dosage form. MAF: macrophage activating factor, GALT:
gut-associated 
lymphoid tissue. 
Colostrum MAF has particular advantages over MAF that is produced from serum,
regarding practical clinical use-because colostrum MAF is derived from bovine colostrum,
a food source, instead of a human serum source-and it is administered orally and
sublingually, instead of by invasive injection.
Additionally, colostrum MAF did not mediate production of inflammatory cytokines,
including: tumor necrosis factor-tory cytokine interleukin-1s factoβ) [42].
If colostrum MAF can be used to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines,
it can be an effective treatment for autoimmune diseases.





Effects of colostrum MAF

The effect of colostrum MAF on chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex illness distinguished by unexplained fatigue lasting for at least six months, with symptoms including: headaches, poor sleep, muscle pain, and the cognitive difficulties of memory and concentration problems [46]. Additionally, there are a host of other symptoms that CFS patients may experience. These can affect the senses, cause irritable bowel syndrome, and give psychological disturbances [47]. The exact pathogenesis of CFS is unknown. Several etiological models have been presented, including a role for infection, oxidative and nitrosative (IO&NS) pathways [48], endocrine dysfunction, autonomic nervous system imbalance, depressed mood, and decreased immunity [49]. Low ATP production and mitochondrial dysfunction have an important part in autoimmunity by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating necrotic cell death [50]. These can cause neurological aberrations including behavioral responses and neuroendocrine, autonomic, and brain dysfunctions. Numerous patients with CFS may experience autoimmune responses, loss of natural killer cell functions, and raised levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines [51]. Multiple cytokine abnormalities were reported in CFS patients, including: IL-1, TNFα, and IL-6 [52], INFγ 54[53] nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) [54], and the protein kinase R (PKR) pathways [55].
No prescription drugs have been developed specifically for CFS; therefore, it is considered an incurable disease. In our previous case reports, we showed two patients with CFS who had excellent responses with the use of oral colostrum MAF [56]. Specifically, the daily oral administration of colostrum MAF powder and dispensing one acid-resistant, enteric-coated capsule to two CFS patients showed various symptomsincluding fatigue, muscle pain, and stomach pain-improved within a few days. Additionally, CFS patients experienced hair regrowth on their heads within a 4-month period.
While the cause of CFS has not yet been identified, previous research indicated that infections and immune dysfunction might have a critical role in the development of CFS. Recently, we reported that macrophage activation with GcMAF-based immunotherapy, unlike lipopolysaccharide (LPS), does not cause nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β cytokine production [15,42]. According to Uto, et al. 10 ng doses of colostrum MAF led to significantly higher macrophage phagocytic activity than typical LPS treatments of 1 μg. As such, microphages appear to show a greater affinity for activation with colostrum MAF than LPS.
The administration of colostrum MAF will result in LPS-related macrophage activation suppression. Therefore, it will induce a good phagocytosis without dysfunction of either IL-1β or TNF-α. The results of these initial experiments with colostrum MAF therapy appear to be connected with the reduction of fatigue in two CFS patients.
In certain cases, colostrum MAF was administered using two methodologies: powder taken orally and one acid-resistant, enteric-coated capsule containing colostrum MAF. The capsule method facilitates the colostrum MAF reaching the gut where it can activate macrophages in the Payer’s patches and then enter the blood. The possibility exists that colostrum MAF can be administered through sublingual absorption for introduction into the bloodstream. The case reports indicated that the colostrum MAF molecule could be absorbed using either route, providing effects which appear similar to injected GcMAF, and allowing for a new protocol for the treatment of CFS that uses food-based colostrum MAF.

▪ The effect of colostrum MAF on other diseases
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic inflammatory disease distinguished by demyelination and degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) [57]. The primary role of T-cells in the pathogenesis of MS has long been known [58]. Additionally, B cells have an important part in the pathogenesis of MS [59]. The findings indicated that abnormal interactions between T cells and B cells are implicated in the immunopathogenesis of MS [60]. Based on the limited effective treatment options available for MS, one study treated a 45-year-old male MS patient with serum GcMAF and colostrum MAF [61]. After treatment, the patient exhibited increased energy and, after four years of being confined to a wheelchair, was able to walk. Importantly, all medications for pain and urinary bladder control and antibiotics were discontinued, and the patient could navigate stairs [61]. An MS case study showed that treatment with the second generation GcMAF and colostrum MAF markedly improved the motor ability. The study suggests that using immunomodulation via MAF could be beneficial in the treatment of MS. In another case, oral colostrum MAF and serum GcMAF immunotherapy were combined with son dynamic therapy (SDT), tumor treating fields (TTF), and ozone therapy, and these proved to be effective in when treating a patient who had non-small- cell lung cancer (stage 3B) [62].

Conclusion

Several researchers have explained the effects of MAF on a myriad of diseases (Table 1). Colostrum MAF has multiple positive attributes, including being a safe food, easy to obtain, and a non-inducer of inflammatory cytokines, and it has also been shown to reach target tissues-such as Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring or GALT-by changing administration forms. Therefore, colostrum MAF is promising as an effective macrophage activator for various immunotherapies. As such, an additional collection of biological and psychological data from clinical applications is needed to confirm the effects of colostrum MAF in the pathology of different diseases.
FormulaModelReported outcomeStudyReferences
Purified GcMAFGc protein from human serumEnhancement of macrophage activityIn vitroMohamad, et al.2002 [63]
Purified GcMAFGc protein from human serumEnhancement of macrophage phagocytic activityIn vitroNagasawa, et al.2004 [64]
Purified GcMAFSeveral endothelial cellsAntiangiogenic effects by mediating through the CD36 receptorIn vitroKanda, et al. 2002 [12]
Purified GcMAFPancreatic cancerAntiangiogenic effects and tumor regressionIn vitroand vivoKisker, et al. 2003 [13]
Purified GcMAFEhrlich tumor carcinomaEradication of ascites tumorIn vivoKoga, et al. 1999 [14]
Purified GcMAFL-929 cellAnti-tumor actibityIn vitroMohamad, et al.2003 [15]
Purified GcMAFHepatocellular carcinomaAnti-angiogenic activity and tumor killing activityIn vivoNonaka, et al.2012 [16]
Purified GcMAFBreast cancerInhibition of tumour-induced angiogenesis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration and metastatic potentialIn vitroPacini, et al. 2012 [17]
Purified GcMAFMetastatic breast cancerNo recurrence for more than 4 yearsClinicalYamamoto, et al.2008 [18]
Purified GcMAFProstate CancerNo recurrence occurred for 7 yearsClinicalYamamoto, et al.2008 [19]
Purified GcMAFMetastatic colorectal cancerNo recurrence occurred for 7 yearsClinicalYamamoto, et al.2008 [20]
Purified GcMAFHIV infectionIncrease in number of CD4+cells and decrease in quantity of p24 Antigen and HIV-1 RNAClinicalYamamoto, et al.2009 [21]
Serum GcMAFEhrlich tumor carcinomaEnhancement of macrophage phagocytic activity and extension of the survival time of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumorsIn vitroand vivoKuchiike, et al.2013 [25]
Serum GcMAFMetastatic cancersNo progression of cancerClinicalInui, et al. 2013 [26]
Serum GcMAFMetastatic breast cancerComplete disappearance of the pleural effusion and intra-pleural nodular tumorClinicalInui, et al. 2014 [27]
Serum GcMAFAutismNormalization in dysregulated gene expression of the endocannabinoid system in cultured blood monocyte-derived macrophages (BMDMs)ClinicalSiniscalco, et al.2014 [32]
Colostrum MAFMouse macrophagesEnhancement of the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and of intestinal macrophages +
in vivo
In vitroand vivoUto, et al. 2015 [42]
Colostrum MAFChoronic fatigue syndromeImprovement of various symptomsClinicalInui, et al. 2015 [56]
Colostrum MAFMultiple sclerosisImprovement of motor disability and getting off all medicationClinicalInui, et al. 2016 [61]
Colostrum MAFNon-small cell lung cancer
(stage 3B)
Improvement of various symptoms and inhibition of increase in tumor sizeClinicalInui, et al. 2016 [62]


Table 1: Efficacy of macrophage-activating factor (MAF).

Acknowledgements

We thank Samuel S. Sloan PhD(c) for his editing support.

Competing Interests

The authors declare that there are no competing interests regarding the publication of this paper.

References