DNA Damage at below safe Cell Phone Radiation Levels

CELL PHONE RADIATION

Readers are probably familiar with the idea of electrophoresis, although they may not know the term. The technique is used for DNA fingerprinting to determine paternity.

In television documentaries we often see forensic scientists holding a small X-ray film with lines of bar-codes. These bars are the physical locations of the genetic material after the DNA strands have been chemically separated, broken up and dragged through a viscous gel towards an anode. The bars mark the cumulative lodging place of many identical DNA pieces from many different cells.

We have the same DNA in every cell of our bodies, and DNA molecules are negatively charged. Each piece has a different physical resistance, so these bars mark the cumulative lodging place of many identical DNA genetic parts.

During the years of childhood and growth cells are constantly dividing and duplicating by a process called ‘mitosis’, so it is especially important that the DNA replicates accurately and that the gene sequences remain in order; these two-metre helical strands of paired molecules contain the basic blueprint for constructing and maintaining viable life.

There are 50,000 billion cells in the body, and even in older people the body is still actively creating another billion new cells every hour, so the incorruptibility of DNA is all-important in our health and survival.

Despite this constant manufacture of new cells, we don’t keep growing in size after adulthood. A few die from normal wear and tear (‘necrosis’) but, to maintain the balance, mis-copied or unwanted cells are instructed to suicide (‘apoptosis’) by the cells nearby.

Programmed cell death is an essential part of life, and, if this euthanasic message fails to trigger suicide and the cell goes into a phase of uncontrolled division, tumors and cancers result.

The cells of the heart muscle, and those of the nerves and brain neurones don’t replicate, but all others are reproducing regularly over your lifetime. So at the molecular-cell level there’s a new you about every five years.

This raises the question: Why do we get cancer?
Cancer is slow in onset; it generally takes between ten and twenty years to incubate. Why do we get it at all if most cells are only five years old?

Obviously the defects which cause uncontrolled cell growth are often (but not always) transmitted from mother-cells to daughter-cells during mitosis. Defects like these are called ‘mutations’ Ñ however, not all mutations are disruptive or dangerous to our health. DNA in our cells constantly comes under attack from many sources, and the normal body processes ignore or handle most of the defects.

External messages are also transmitted across cell boundaries and between cells to initiate apoptosis (programmed cell death), but these may similarly be short-circuited or distorted in some way. These messages are carried by electrically-oriented flows of ions and by more complex protein and enzyme molecules.

The point is, that at the molecular level, humans cell functions are very dynamic, very regenerative, constantly being disrupted and repaired, highly tolerant of defects, and very much affected by electrical influences.

Recently the biomedical researchers have begun using a technique similar to DNA fingerprinting to investigate damage to DNA. This is called single-cell gel (SCG) electrophoresis or ‘comet assay’, and it is capable of finding defects in single cell exposed to toxic chemicals or ionizing radiation.

Our interest here is in whether this technique can detect damage to cell functions or DNA viability from low level radio waves. Classical radio theory says radio waves can’t damage molecules, because their energy is not sufficient to break chemical bonds.

The technique gets its name from the comet-and-tail appearance which results from broken genetic material being dragged through the gel by electrical attraction ahead of the more-resistant DNA bundles.

Think of this as towing a very old car through a few miles of deep mud, then counting the bits and pieces that fall off in the process. But here the car (the DNA ball) drags behind and the broken bits move out ahead.

Fig.1 Unexposed control. The bundle is simply DNA.

Fig.3 X-ray calibration: After 25.6 rads.
DNA strand breaks are now very obvious.
Figure 2 and 3 shows the comets from immune cells which were subject to various levels of X-rays exposure for calibration purposes. This sequence establishes the fact that the breaks in the DNA are dose-related: higher exposures produce more and therefore longer and more complex comet tails.

Comet assay techniques were developed by Swedish scientists Östling and Johannson in 1984, and then later refined by Narendra Pal (‘NP’) Singh in 1988 (with other improvements later). At that time Dr Singh was a research scientist at the US National Institute on Aging.

Chemical processes are employed to digest and remove all the lipids and proteins from the cell to express the DNA breaks, and Singh’s alkaline separation techniques are now widely recognized for their sensitivity and reliability. Alternative ‘neutral’ approaches are applied also in some research laboratories.

Comet assays reveal damage to DNA from air and water pollution, food additives, diet and smoking, etc. and they always require very highly developed laboratory skills and strict attention to detail. Unfortunately they lack a recognized form of objective measurement.

Back in 1994, Singh joined biomedical scientist Dr Henry Lai at the Bioelectromagnetics Research Laboratory, University of Washington in Seattle. The work originally conducted at this university was funded by the US Navy and Air Force, but that source of funding has long evaporated. Under Henry Lai, the US government’s National Institutes of Health has been responsible for most of the funding.

In a ground-breaking series of experiments between 1994 and 1998 they demonstrated convincingly that moderate levels of microwave (2.45GHz) radiation, ( Below that of cell phone radiation levels)for exposures of only two hours, could increase the frequency of single-strand DNA breaks in the brain cells of live rats.  

Fig.4  Assay showing effect of 2 hrs of microwave exposure (2.45GHz) at a SAR (absorption) level of 0.6 W/kg [about cell phone radiation levels] DNA strand breaks are also obvious.
These images result from fluorescent molecules attached to the end of each DNA strand at a break point, and so are best seen in the negative.

Figure 4 was captured by Dr Lai and Singh, and it shows the results of a comet assay at power densities about one-fifth those previously thought to cause adverse biological effects. These exposures were only for a short time, and they used radio power-densities well below those said to be ‘ionizing’ (having the power to break chemical/material bonds).

In this research, Dr Lai and Singh have used microwave frequencies which are higher than cellphones (at 0.9GHz), but not much above those used by the cellphone cousins, the new handheld PCS phones (1.9GHz).

DNA strands tend to break all the time, but they repair themselves constantly, so these comet-tail images need to be compared with the unexposed control DNA bundle in Figure 1. The cell bundles in Figure 4 have the classic comet tail of particles indicating extensive DNA damage, well above the spontaneous DNA damage levels of the controls.

Spontaneous breaks in the DNA are relatively common in all cells (6.00-radical attacks seem to be responsible) and most are quickly repaired by normal cell processes — generally within minutes or hours. But any form of increased disruption to the DNA is worrying. Nerve cells in particular have a low capability for DNA repair and so the effects of additional breaks could accumulate.

The DNA strands form a spiral-staircase-like helix, and so breaks on only one side of the ladder are much easier to repair than those where both sides are broken. But in later experiments Lai and Singh found double-strand DNA breaks after similar exposures times and levels.

It is possible for the cell to make mistakes when repairing single-strand breaks, but the likelihood of serious mistakes (mutations) increases substantially with double-strand breaks.

Fortunately, only certain genes are ‘expressed’ (activated) within each organ, so less than one percent of the DNA is essential in any one cell. Most mutations will cause no harm, and those that are very disruptive will probably lead to programmed cell death.

This introduces a paradox; small problems accumulating over time may be more dangerous than large defects. Cells that suffer gross disturbances to their critical genes are also more likely be programmed to suicide; therefore the larger DNA disruptions may be self-annihilating.

Over the years the DNA in human cells constantly suffer attack, some of which is never repaired. Given enough time, the accumulation of minor (but jointly critical) problems can cause cancer to develop. There is rarely a single cause of cancer.

This is also why cancer is a mostly a condition of age. It’s probably that older people have many per-cancerous cells, even though only a few suffer the critical mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. These are just the straws that finally broke the camel’s back.

This raises the distinct possibility that cumulative low level RF exposures could be more harmful than higher critical exposures.

And since nerve cells don’t divide and proliferate, this damage could equally contribute to degenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Cancers and age-associated degenerative conditions may be closely related.

Another aspect of the Lai-Singh research (with pulsed microwave similar to GSM cellphones and radar) was also disturbing. Rat brains which were excised and prepared quickly for the assay showed fewer breaks, while those which were checked four hours after exposure revealed much higher levels. This suggests that both the damage and the repair-initiation are not simple and immediate processes, and supports the thesis that DNA damage from repeated uses of a cellphone could be cumulative.

Dr Jerry Phillips, working in a research facility outside Los Angeles, made a similar finding. His research showed that DNA breaks actually decreased in some RF exposure conditions, sometimes with different wave-forms, suggesting that there’s a more complex causal link than expected, and a delicate balance between the break and repair-rates.

Phillips work also suggests that there may be some type of rough feedback control mechanism — something like a sticky fly-wheel governor on a steam boiler which makes the engine-rate hunt between slow and fast. The DNA-repair feedback might lead to mistakes and mutation and increase the chance of destructive cancer.

This work is highly controversial, as you’d imagine. Lai and Singh have reported finding of DNA strand breaks at levels of only one-fifth the American RF safety limits — but they’ve since also found that they can use the pineal hormone melatonin and other anti-oxidants to countering the RF effect. So the research is not only producing negative results.

This points to the importance of free-radicals as the intermediary which actually damages the DNA, which doesn’t come as a surprise to most researchers. free-radicals have often been implicated in DNA problems.

Although the Lai-Singh research hasn’t been faithfully replicated, other scientists have found similar DNA strand breaks in parallel radio research projects, and a number of live-animal tests have confirmed increased tumor rates resulting from long exposures over the life of the animals. There is also evidence that radio-wave exposures can influence the short term memory.

Currently, the Lai-Singh research has been stymied for lack of funding from the US government which has its attention focused on other matters, while the cellular phone industry has preferred to invest in less disturbing projects.

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Conversion Chart, World Exposure Limits, Exposures EMR/EMF

Updated 2/23/19

www.MDSafeTech.org

Conversion Chart Microwave Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) = (EMF)

Exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation is classified as a Group 2B Possible Human Carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer at the WHO as of 2011. Many scientists who work in the field of EMR feel there is clear evidence of harm from long term, low level exposure to this pulsating and penetrating non-ionizing radiation which warrants an IARC upgrade to a Group 1 Known Carcinogen. Hardell and Carlsberg (2018). Reading the scientific literature can be confusing as there are different units of measurements (μW/cm2  μW/m2  W/m2,). In addition, harm from radio frequency exposure varies with power, distance, device, modulation (pulsations and wave design) and length of exposure. The peak power, not the averaged power, is what is key to injury.

It is important to keep in mind not only the current thermal (heat) RF exposure standards in different countries, but also the biologically toxic (oxidative/membrane) RF exposure levels shown to produce harm at non-thermal levels which are far below current RF guidelines. More lenient current U.S. FCC standards put large populations at risk for a diverse array of long term health issues.  We list several exposure standards and limits along with the short conversion chart to enable easier reading of the scientific literature.  The Austrian Medical Association Guidelines of 2016  are also posted below. Scientific references on exposure measurements are listed at the end (Ambient, Children, Skin and Body Exposures, Occupational)

To Print : Conversion Chart Microwave Electromagnetic Radiation PDF

See Also: Safe Living Technology EMF/RF/Magnetic Field full conversion charts here

Scroll down for link : *Worldwide Exposure Limits *Current Heat-Based Guidelines and *Scientific References on Measured Human and Children’s Exposures

Wireless Exposure Limits in Different Countries

The limits are for frequencies between 300Mhz-300GHz in microwatts/cm2 

Limit guidelines in U.S. are from 200 uW/cm2 to 1000 uW/cm2 (2 W/m2 to 10 W/m2) for RF radiation depending on frequency.  Countries developed different standards based on either  *Thermal Effects *Non-Thermal Effects or *Precautionary Considerations

U.S.                                   200 microwatts/cm2  to 1,000 microwatts/cm2

Canada                           1,000 microwatts/cm2

China                                               10 microwatts/cm2

Russia                                              10 microwatts/cm2

Italy                                                 10 microwatts/cm2

France                                             10 microwatts/cm2

Poland                                             10 microwatts/cm2

Hungary                                          10 microwatts/cm2

Switzerland General                         9.5 microwatts/cm2

Switzerland Schools and Hospitals   4.25 microwatts/cm2

Belgium                                             2.4 microwatts/cm2

Bulgaria                                             2.4 microwatts/cm2

Luxembourg                                      2.4 microwatts/cm2

Ukraine                                              2.4 microwatts/cm2

Lichtenstein                                       0.1 microwatts/cm2

Austria  Outdoor                                0.001 microwatts/cm2

Austria  Indoor                                   0.0001 microwatts/cm2

Cosmic EMR background we evolved from                         <0.00000000001 μW/cm2

BioInitiative Report recommendation
– ‘No Observable Effect’  with factor of 10 added for safety = 0.0003 μW/cm2.   http://www.bioinitiative.org/conclusions/

https://graviolateam.blogspot.com/p/updated-22319-www.html

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• TAGS
• CELL PHONE CHILDREN
• DNA AND THE MICROWAVE EFFECT
• DNA DAMAGE
• EMF
• EMF RESEARCH
• FCC
• MEDICAL STUDIES
• RF RADIATION
• SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE

Evidence That RF/Microwave Radiation Used For Wireless Technologies is a Confirmed Human Carcinogen!

Top mobile firms know that they sell cancer!

10. Feb 2019

Guy Air Force Study at University of Washington Medical School (1980-1982) [4]

This research, documented in nine technical reports, evaluated rats with full-body exposure to 2.45 gigahertz (2450 megahertz), the main frequency used today for omnipresent Wi-Fi technologies.

The animals were exposed to one half the federally-approved, maximum environmental human exposure allowable. These rats suffered an average absorption rate (SAR) of 0.4W/kg, certified by the FCC as "safe" for humans.
In addition to a statistically significant incidence of malignant tumors, the exposed rats suffered disastrous effects to their adrenal glands and to their entire endocrine system, including development of endocrine tumors.
(Can we wonder why so many microwaved Americans suffer from adrenal exhaustion, thyroid malfunction, obesity and endocrine tumors?)  LINK

  Note:

By 1993, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) produced a memo which stated that animal studies strongly suggest that microwaves can "accelerate the development of cancer." Top FDA officials wrote: "Of eight chronic animal experiments known to us, five resulted in increased numbers of malignancies, accelerated progression of tumors, or both." [5]  LINK

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  EMF Paper by the Hardell Group in Sweden (1995)  [6]

A team of cancer researchers at Orebro Hospital in Orebro, Sweden, reviewed epidemiological and experimental studies on the bioeffects of extremely low electromagnetic (ELF) fields published up to 1994.
They found that these studies confirmed an increased risk of leukemia in children exposed to power lines; an increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia from ELF exposure; also an increased risk of breast cancer, malignant melanoma of the skin, nervous system tumors, acute myeloid leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute lymphocytic leukemia from occupational exposure to these fields.
Today's wireless antennas propagate a great variety of ELF modulation frequencieswhich are superimposed upon the carrier microwaves.  LINK

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Australian Lymphoma Study (1997) [7]

Australian researchers exposed lymphoma-susceptible mice to pulsed 900 megahertz radiation for up to 18 months, with twice-daily exposures at 30 minutes each. The signals were devised to mimic cell GSM phone radiation, but the mice received far-field exposure, as compared to the near field of cell phone radiation that directly enters human brains.
At the end of the experiment, 43% of exposed mice had developed lymphoma compared to 22% of non-irradiated controls. The exposed mice also suffered accelerated development of cancer compared to controls. Scientists conducting the study called the increased incidence of lymphoma in irradiated animals "highly significant" and they stated that it is unlikely accelerated cancer growth in microwaved animals was due to chance.
Lead researcher, Dr. Michael Rapacholi, told Microwave News: "I believe this is the first animal study showing a true non-thermal effect."  LINK

  Note:

By 2000, European researchers with the ECOLOG Institute in Germany had amassed over 220 peer-reviewed and published scientific papers containing strong indications for cancer-initiating and cancer-promoting effects of the RF/microwave radiation that now saturates our environment to accommodate wireless technologies.
This impressive scientific collection was organized and published at the turn of this century in a document titled Mobile Telecommunications and Health. Actually funded by giants of the telecom industry, the ECOLOG study organized a massive collection of early scientific information on the devastating cellular, hormonal, immunological, neurological and reproductive damage inflicted by pulsed, high-frequency electromagnetic fields. This collection demonstrates that governments and industry profiteers knew decades ago that the unleashing of unlimited RF/microwave pollution --even at very low power densities-- has potential to make humanity very sick indeed.  [8]  LINK

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 Case-control Study by the Hardell Group in Sweden (2002)  [9]

Nordic countries were among the first in the world to adopt wireless telecommunications technologies. NMT analog mobile phones came into use in 1981, exposing Nordic populations to 450 and 900 megahertz microwave radiation.
By 1991, GSM digital wireless was operational at 900 megahertz and 1.9 gigahertz. Responding to reports of brain cancers in wireless phone users, the Hardell team working at Orebro Hospital in Orebro, Sweden, initiated a case-control study of 233 Swedish brain cancer victims diagnosed between 1994 to 1996. 
This study produced the first indications of increased risk for malignancies in those who had used wireless NMT phones.
The researchers concluded: “Ipsilateral (same side) use of a cellular telephone increased the risk of tumors in the temporal, temporoparietal and occipital areas…the anatomical areas with highest exposure to microwaves from a mobile phone.” LINK

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Case-control Study by the Hardell Group in Sweden (2003)  [10]

On to something big, the Hardell Group conducted a case-control study of 1,617 brain tumor patients diagnosed between 1997-2000.
These numbers showed that the risk for high-grade astrocytoma brain cancer was significantly increased with ipsilateral (same side) use of analogue mobile phones, digital mobile phones and also cordless phones.
The odds ratio was highest for development of microwave-induced acoustic neuroma (AN), a usually benign but dangerous tumor that grows on the nerve between the ear and the brain, causing hearing loss and neurological difficulties.
AN treatment requires surgery and other risky, invasive procedures.  LINK

Note:

Astrocytomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Astrocytomas develop from small, star-shaped cells called astrocytes, and may arise anywhere in the brain or spinal cord.  Grade IV astrocytomas are called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM),considered the most horrific and incurable type of brain tumor. Glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas, accounting for more than 50 percent of all astrocytomas, grow rapidly and spread aggressively.

The average lifespan after diagnosis is about 400 days (most of which, reportedly, aren't worth a darn). Brain cancers are often discovered in the final stages, partly because of stealth proteins used by tumors in early malignancy to evade the body's alarm systems.

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European Union REFLEX Studies (2004) [11]

Scientists from ten EU nations showed that cell phone microwaves propagated at 1.8 gigahertz induce severe damage in human blood cellsidentical to that produced by ionizing nuclear radiation.
A mere 24 hours of continuous microwave radiation at this frequency produced cell damage equivalent to 2400 chest X-rays.
This frequency is within the gigahertz spectrum realm of 2G, 3G and 4G wireless phone radiation.  LINK

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Italian Study on Human Leukemia Cells (2004) [12]

Italian scientists published results of a laboratory study which exposed human leukemia cells to radio waves at 900 MHz, the same frequency band used for GSM cell phone technology and smart utility meters.
The radiation initially killed some of the malignant cells.
But after 48 hours, the microwaves activated three types of genes known to induce cancer cells to multiply. The surviving leukemia cells then began to divide aggressively due to activation of pro-survival signals critical for tumorprogression and metastasis [spreading] of cancer.
The study report concludes, "Our data strongly support the hypothesis that high-frequency EMFs exposure leads cancer cells to acquire a greater survival chance, a phenomenon linked to tumor aggressiveness."

Here scientists induced human leukemia cells to activate ferociously at a SAR of only 

3.5 mW/kg while the FCC allows wireless devices to excrete 1600 mW/kg [1.6 W/kg] directly into human brains!  LINK

Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body when exposed to a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field. It can also refer to absorption of other forms of energy by tissue, including ultrasound.^[1] It is defined as the power absorbed permass of tissue and has units of watts per kilogram (W/kg).^[2][3]

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     Case-control Combined Studies By the Hardell Group in Sweden (2006) [13]

The Hardell Group evaluated statistics from two new case-control studies of brain cancer victims diagnosed between 1997-2000.
Combined, these studies yielded information on 905 patients. Once again the numbers showed increased risk for high-grade astrocytoma brain cancer in those who used digital cell phones and/or cordless phones.
This study demonstrated a high risk of cancer for victims who had begun using microwave phones before the age of twenty. This research also determined that cancer risk was highest for people who had used wireless phones for 10 years or more.  LINK

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Researchers Report Epidemiological Evidence for Cell Tower Cancer (2010) [14]

Six internationally renowned researchers organized numerous epidemiological studies showing that people living and working within 1600 feet of RF/microwave antennas eventually suffer serious health problems.
Published in the International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, this report says:
“Human populations are increasingly exposed to microwave/radiofrequency (RF) emissions from wireless communication technology, including mobile phones and their base stations.
By searching PubMed…we found that eight of the ten studies reported increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living at distances less than 500 meters from base stations….None of the studies reported exposures above accepted international guidelines, suggesting that current guidelines may be inadequate in protecting the health of human populations….At exposure levels far below international guidance levels there are clear and consistent signs of adverse health effects in the general population….”  LINK

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Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies/Malignant Brain Tumors by Hardell  (2011) [15]

The Hardell Group further analyzed two case-control studies involving 1251 brain tumor victims, alive and deceased, who had been diagnosed during 1997-2003. 
This study again confirmed that risk for high-grade astrocytoma brain cancer increases with latency periodand cumulative hours of exposure to both cellular and cordless phones. Once again the numbers showed increased risk for those who used microwave phones for over ten years. This study also reconfirmed an extremely high risk for those who had begun the use of microwave phones before the age of 20. 
This group charted out at an odds ratio of 4.9. An odds ratio of 1 means no risk, an odds ratio of 4.9 means nearly five time the risk for brain cancer as found in the control group. LINK

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The 13-Nation Interphone Study (2011) [16]

The Interphone Study was designed as a global, case-control inquiry on the link between mobile phones/cordless phones and various cancers. 
The research was conducted in 13 countries using a common protocol. The pooled results showed anincrease in risk for glioma brain cancer and acoustic neuroma among microwave phone users, but directors of the study worried that recall bias and error may have prevented a causal interpretation. 
In 2011, Cardis et al., published an overview of five of the countries in the study and stated that "there were increased odds ratios for tumors in the most exposed parts of the brain in those with 10+ years of mobile phone use....There were suggestions of an increased risk of glioma in long term mobile phone users with high RF exposure and of similar, but apparently much smaller increases in meningioma [brain tumor] risk."  Cardis called for replication studies.  

The Hardell Group followed Interphone with a published paper explaining that while Interphone data confirmed earlier Hardell findings of cancer risk in wireless phone users between the ages of 29-59 years, Interphone researchers in several countrieshad excluded the age group 20-29 years.  Because this age group was shown by Hardell to have a comparatively high brain cancer risk, especially among those who started using microwave phones before the age of twenty, Hardell noted that exclusion of this high-risk group had skewed Interphone statistics and conclusions.
Hardell also pointed out that Interphone had included recall information from mentally ill patients who could not be counted upon for accurate data.  LINK

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Association Between US Brain Tumor Incidence and Cell Phone Contracts (2011) [17]

A team of researchers at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York published a study in the Journal of Neuro-Oncologyshowing a significant correlation between a vast assortment of human brain tumors and the number of cell phone contracts in nineteen US. States.
This study states: "The very linear relationship between cell phone usage and brain tumor incidence is disturbing and certainly needs further epidemiological evaluation. In the meantime, it would certainly be prudent to limit exposure to all sources of electromagnetic radiation." LINK 

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RF Cancer Designation By International Agency for Research on Cancer  (2011) [18]

In May 2011, a working group composed of 31 experts on electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation, convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Association (WHO), reported on the results of an extensive review of the health effects research.
The committee concluded that radiofrequency radiation is a Group 2B carcinogen which meant this type of electromagnetic radiation is possibly cancer-causing in humans. 
In arriving at this conclusion, the working group relied heavily on results of the Interphone  Study, a 13-nation study sponsored by the WHO, and a series of studies conducted by Dr. Lennart Hardell in Sweden. LINK

  Leading experts, including the Hardell Group, insist that the IARC designation must now be updated to reflect additional scientific evidence for cancer accumulated since 2011.

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Acoustic Neuroma Update from Hardell (2013) [19]

The Hardell Group made a further study of Swedes diagnosed with acoustic neuroma between the years 1997-2003 and 2007-2009.
This pooled analysis of two case-control studies once again confirmed an association between the use of mobile phones and acoustic neuroma tumors of the inner ear/brain.  LINK

Acoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma, is a noncancerous and usually slow-growing tumor that develops on the main (vestibular) nerve leading from your inner ear to your brain. Branches of this nerve directly influence your balance and hearing, and pressure from an acoustic neuroma can cause hearing loss, ringing in your ear and unsteadiness. 

Acoustic neuroma usually arises from the Schwann cells covering this nerve and grows slowly or not at all. Rarely, it may grow rapidly and become large enough to press against the brain and interfere with vital functions.Treatments for acoustic neuroma include regular monitoring, radiation and surgical removal.

Acoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma, is a noncancerous and usually slow-growing tumor that develops on the main (vestibular) nerve leading from your inner ear to your brain. Branches of this nerve directly influence your balance and hearing, and pressure from an acoustic neuroma can cause hearing loss, ringing in your ear and unsteadiness.

Acoustic neuroma usually arises from the Schwann cells covering this nerve and grows slowly or not at all. Rarely, it may grow rapidly and become large enough to press against the brain and interfere with vital functions. Treatments for acoustic neuroma include regular monitoring, radiation and surgical removal.

Acoustic Neuroma Symptoms

The early symptoms of an acoustic neuroma are often subtle. Many people attribute the symptoms to normal changes of aging, so it may be a while before the condition is diagnosed.

The first symptom is usually a gradual loss of hearing in one ear, often accompanied by ringing in the ear (tinnitus) or a feeling of fullness in the ear. Less commonly, acoustic neuromas may cause sudden hearing loss.

CONTINUE READING HERE

___

Hardell  Confirmation That Glioma Brain Cancer and Acoustic Neuroma

Are Initiated and Promoted by Wireless Microwave Radiation (2013) [20]

The Hardell Group evaluated all nine issues on causation listed by the Bradford Hill criteria, a protocol endorsed by modern medicine as a framework for determining cause and effect.  Hardell determined that based on Bradford Hill criteria, glioma and acoustic neuroma should be considered to be caused by RF-EMF emissions from wireless phones. This paper states that wireless device emissions are rightly regarded as carcinogenic to humans and should be designated as Group 1A (Carcinogenic to humans) according to the IARC classification.  

It also confirms that current international guidelines for public exposure to this radiation urgently need to be revised.  LINK

___

Multi-Focal Breast Cancer Study by California Doctors (2013) [21]

In late 2013, six medical experts, representing five prestigious California medical establishments, published a paper on young women who developed invasive breast cancer after prolonged exposure to their cell phones:
“We report a case series of four young women --ages from 21 to 39-- with multi-focal invasive breast cancer that raises the concern of a possible association with non-ionizing radiation of electromagnetic field exposures from cellular phones.
Pathology of all four cases show striking similarity. 

These cases raise awareness to the lack of safety data of prolonged direct contact with cellular phones.
All patients regularly carried their smart phones directly against their breasts, in their brassieres for up to 10 hours a day, for several years, and developed tumors in areas of their breasts immediately underlying the phones...." LINK

___



Hardell Review of Decreased Survival of Brain Cancer Patients (2014) [22]

Using data from their 1997-2003 and 2007-2009 case-control studies of brain tumor patients, the Hardell group analyzed the impact of wireless phones on the survival rates of 1678 glioma sufferers. 
This study yielded evidence of decreased survival in Grade IV astrocytoma patients commensurate with their years of wireless phone use. The highest decrease in survival rate was found in cases who began use of mobile phones before the age of twenty. These researchers concluded: "Due to the relationship with survival, the classification of IARC is strengthened and RF-EMF should be regarded as a human carcinogen requiring urgent revision of current exposure guidelines." LINK 

Astrocytomas are a type of cancer of the brain.
They originate in a particular kind of glial cells, star-shaped brain cells in the cerebrum called astrocytes. This type of tumor does not usually spread outside the brain and spinal cord and it does not usually affect other organs. Astrocytomas are the most commonglioma and can occur in most parts of the brain and occasionally in the spinal cord. Within the astrocytomas, two broad classes are recognized in literature, those with:

• Narrow zones of infiltration (mostly noninvasive tumors; e.g., pilocytic astrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma), that often are clearly outlined on diagnostic images
• Diffuse zones of infiltration (e.g., high-grade astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma), that share various features, including the ability to arise at any location in the central nervous system, but with a preference for the cerebral hemispheres; they occur usually in adults, and have an intrinsic tendency to progress to more advanced grades.^[1]

____ 


The French National CERENAT Study (2014) [23]

This human case-control study conducted in populations across France found a significant rate of glioma and meningioma brain tumors in the heaviest users of mobile phones.  LINK

___

The German Study from Jacobs University (2015) [24]

Nine scientists at Jacobs University in Bremen, Germany, published state-of-the-art studies showing that animals exposed to 0.4 down to .04 watts per kilogram
[SAR exposure levels 4 to 40 times lower than the 1.6 W/Kg allowed for human brain exposure by U.S. federal guidelines] suffered a significantly higher incidence (than non-irradiated animals) of lung cancer, liver cancer and lymphoma cancer.
This research is especially important because it is a replication of an earlier (2010) animal study which had basically produced the same results.  LINK

___

The US National Toxicology Program (NTP) Studies (2016) [25]

Animal studies are considered valid for assessing cancer risk in humans.
This federally-funded group of studies, conducted under auspices of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), induced cancer, pre-cancer hyperplasia and DNA damage in a significant percentage of test rats exposed to cell phone microwaves: GSM- or CDMA-modulated at 900 megahertz.
This study produced "clear evidence" that cell phone radiation produces statistically significant brain and heart schwannoma cancers in rats exposed to this radiation, even at power densities below federal exposure guidelines. LINK

Hyperplasia (from ancient Greek ὑπέρ huper, "over" + πλάσις plasis, "formation"), or hypergenesis, is an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results fromcell proliferation.^[4] 
It may lead to the gross enlargement of an organ, and the term is sometimes confused with benign neoplasia or benign tumor.^[5

Hyperplasia is a common preneoplastic response to stimulus.^[6] Microscopically, cells resemble normal cells but are increased in numbers. Sometimes cells may also be increased in size (hypertrophy).^[7]
Hyperplasia is different from hypertrophy in that the adaptive cell change in hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells, whereas hyperplasia involves an increase in the number of cells.^[8]

Additionally, "equivocal evidence" of cancer risk was reported in the pituitary, adrenal and prostate glands and pancreas and liver in male rats and adrenal glands in female rats.  

NTP scientists also irradiated test mice with modulated 1.9 gigahertz microwaves widely used in wireless technologies.
"Equivocal evidence of cancer risk from cell phone radiation was reported for lymphoma in male and female mice.  Equivocal evidence was also reported for skin, lung and liver cancer in male mice."  LINK

___

Saudi Arabian Study Showing iPhone Correlation to Salivary Gland Cancer (2016) [26]

This human case-control study reported a significant increase of 11+ fold for parotid gland cancers in Apple iPhone users when the phone was used for more than one hour per day. LINK

The parotid gland is a major salivary gland in many animals.

In humans, the two parotid glands are present on either side of the mouth and in front of both ears. They are the largest of the salivary glands. Each parotid is wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and secretes serous saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth, to facilitate mastication and swallowing and to begin the digestion of starches. There are also two other types ofsalivary glands; they are submandibular and 
sublingual glands.^[1] The parotid glands are a pair of mainly serous salivary glands located below and in front of each ear canal, draining their secretions into the vestibule of the mouth through the parotid duct.^[2]
Each gland lies behind the mandibular ramus and in front of the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The gland can be felt on either side, by feeling in front of each ear, along the cheek, and below the angle of the mandible.^[3]

___

Canadian Update on Human Brain Cancer Risk (2017) [27]

A medical team involved with the original Interphone Study completed a re-evaluation of Canadian Interphone data.
Using a probabilistic, multiple-bias model, this team confirmed a significant risk of glioma brain tumors among Canadian wireless users interviewed for the study.  Canada currently has a horrific overall national cancer rate: one in two Canadians will suffer some type of cancer in their lifetime.  LINK

A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine.^[1] 

Gliomas comprise about 30 percent of all brain tumors and central nervous system tumors, and 80 percent of all malignant brain tumors.^[2] Gliomas have been correlated to the electromagnetic radiation from cell phones, and a link between the cancer and cell phone usage was considered possible,^[10] though several large studies have found no conclusive evidence, as summarized by the NIH's National Cancer Institute review of the topic^[11] and its numerous citations,^[12] and the FCC.^[13] 

___

Hardell  Evaluation of Cancer Risk from Bradford Hill Viewpoints (2017) [28]

Tying together the latest global research, the Hardell Group published a detailed analysis of the many ways that mobile phone and cordless phone radiation fulfills Bradford Hill criteria on association and causation of disease. This paper lists the following crucial Hill points:

Strength [of data]: meta-analysis of case-control studies gives odds ratio (OR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31–2.76 with highest cumulative exposure.
Consistency: the risk increases with latency, meta-analysis gave in the 10+ years' latency group OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.20–2.19.
Specificity: increased risk for glioma is in the temporal lobe. Using meningioma cases as comparison group still increases the risk.
Temporality: highest risk is in the 20+ years' latency group, OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.41–2.88, for wireless phones.Biological gradient: cumulative use of wireless phones increases the risk.
Plausibility: animal studies show an increased incidence of glioma and malignant schwannoma in rats exposed to radiofrequency (RF) radiation. There is increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from RF radiation.
Coherence: there is a change in the natural history of glioma and increasing incidence.
Experiment: antioxidants reduce ROS production from RF radiation. Analogy: there is an increased risk in subjects exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields."
Conclusion: RF radiation should be regarded as a human carcinogen causing glioma." LINK

___

 The Italian Ramazzini Study (2018) [29]

The Ramazzini Institute in Italy has published results of its large study in which animals were abused with exposure to 1.8 gigahertzrepresentative of cell tower antenna emissions.
This study reports a significant number of Schwann cell tumors (schwannomas) in exposed animals, compared to controls and therefore it strongly supports the findings of the NTP studies.
Schwann cells are found in most organs of the body, both human and animal.
Schwann cells play a key role in the nervous system where they form the myelin sheath and help conduct electrical impulses. The researchers who completed this study are among the many experts demanding that IARC update its radiofrequency designation commensurate with the documented potential of microwaves to induce and accelerate cancer in animals and humans. LINK

 Note:

We must not hold our breath for a proper IARC update any time soon! 
Dr. Lennart Hardell explains that the majority of the current Core Group members in charge of releasing RF health information for the World Health Organization are now downplaying the documented cancer risks of wireless radiation because they are affiliated with the infamous International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and thus have a serious conflict of interest. ICNIRP is an industry-loyal NGO and it remains committed to outdated and deadly wireless radiation exposure standards that plague the world today.  LINK

Schwannomas of the head and neck are a fairly common occurrence and can be found incidentally in 3–4% of patients at autopsy.^[4] Most common of these is a vestibular schwannoma, a tumor of the vestibulocochlear nerve that may lead to tinnitus and hearing loss on the affected side. Outside the cranial nerves, schwannomas may present on the flexor surfaces of the limbs. Rare occurrences of these tumors in the penis have been documented in the literature.^[5]

A schwannoma is a usually benign nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells, which normally produce the insulating myelin sheath covering .

peripheral nerves,
Schwannomas are homogeneous tumors, consisting only of Schwann cells. The tumor cells always stay on the outside of the nerve, but the tumor itself may either push the nerve aside and/or up against a bony structure (thereby possibly causing damage).
Schwannomas are relatively slow-growing. For reasons not yet understood, schwannomas are mostly benign and less than 1% become malignant, degenerating into a form of cancer known as neurofibrosarcoma.
These masses are generally contained within a capsule, so surgical removal is often successful.^[3]
 

 ___

Yale University Study of Thyroid Cancer in Cell Phone Users (2018) [30]

Thyroid cancer incidence is currently exploding in the USA. 
Researchers at the Yale School of Medicine, working with the Connecticut Health Department, stumbled upon a correlation between cell phone radiation and microcarcinoma of the thyroid gland.  A study of thyroid cancer victims and a control population of non-users was conducted in Connecticut during the years 2010 and 2011 with results published in 2018.

The study showed that men who used cell phones for more than 15 years had twice the risk for thyroid cancer than non-users.
Women who used cell phones more than two hours per day had a 52% greater risk for thyroid cancer than non-users.
The researchers denied "significant association" but they stated that"suggestive elevated risk of thyroid microcarcinoma associated with long-term and more frequent uses warrants further investigation."
This study is the tip of the iceberg since it used a very small sample size, especially for males.
It did not factor in microwave cordless phone use, ignoring a high risk factor. Cell phone users in the study were not exposed to today's smart phones with multiple antennas situated at the bottom where they spew carcinogenic microwaves directly into the jaw and neck areas. Urgently needed are properly-designed follow up studies to confirm microwave damage to thyroid tissues as documented in numerous earlier studies showing:  DNA damage, oxidative stress and reduction of thyroid hormone secretion. LINK

Thyroid cancer is cancer that develops from the tissues of the thyroid gland.^[1]

It is a disease in which cells grow abnormally and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body.^[7][8] Symptoms can include swelling or a lump in the neck.^[1] Cancer can also occur in the thyroid after spread from other locations, in which case it is not classified as thyroid cancer.^[3]

Risk factors include radiation exposure at a young age, having an enlarged thyroid, and family history.^[1][2] The four main types are papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer,medullary thyroid cancer, and anaplastic thyroid cancer.^[3] Diagnosis is often based onultrasound and fine needle aspiration.^[1] Screening people without symptoms and at normal risk for the disease is not recommended as of 2017.^[9]

The thyroid gland, or simply the thyroid, is an endocrine gland in the neck, consisting of twolobes connected by an isthmus. It is found at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple. The thyroid gland secretes three hormones, namely the thyroid hormones (thyroxine/T₄ andtriiodothyronine/T₃) and calcitonin. The thyroid hormones primarily influence the metabolic rateand protein synthesis, but they also have many other effects including on development. The thyroid hormones are created from iodine and tyrosine. Calcitonin plays a role in calcium homeostasis.^[1]

Hormonal output from the thyroid is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted from the anterior pituitary gland, which itself is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) produced by the hypothalamus.^[2]

The thyroid may be affected by several diseases. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, the most common cause being Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder. In contrast, hypothyroidism is a state of insufficient thyroid hormone production. Worldwide, the most common cause is iodine deficiency. Thyroid hormones are important for development, and hypothyroidism secondary to iodine deficiency remains the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability.^[3] In iodine-sufficient regions, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also an autoimmune disorder. In addition, the thyroid gland may also develop several types of nodules and cancer.

___

The Israeli HL Cancer Studies (2018) [31]

Researchers with the Hebrew University in Israel published a study of radiation-related human cancers produced in occupational and military settings.
They focused on the extraordinary number of hemolymphatic (HL) cancers produced by communication and radar microwave frequencies. HL cancers arise from blood cells or lymphoid tissues that involve the liver.
This study is germane to our current Microwave Age with its new vehicle radar driver assist systems, DOT's upcoming vehicle to vehicle radar project and the myriad radar antennas deployed by driverless (autonomous) vehicles.
This research analyzed published data from a group of cancer patients with a history of prolonged exposure to radiofrequency radiation, including radar microwaves, plus three additional cohort studies of heavily irradiated military and industrial workers in various countries. These groups suffered high HL cancer rates.
The Israeli scientists state in their abstract: "Overall, the epidemiological studies on the excess risk for HL and other cancers, together with brain tumors in cell phone users and experimental studies on RFR and carcinogenicity make a coherent case for a cause-effect relationship for classifying RFR exposure as a human carcinogen [IARC Group 1A]." LINK

___

Yet, We Are Still in the Information Dark Ages!

 

    The above-listed documentation provides clear evidence that microwave radiation used for wireless technologies is what the Hardell Group calls "a multi-site carcinogen." [32] A multi-site carcinogen can cause cancer anywhere in the body. 
But most of the scientific evidence for microwave causation of malignancy in man and beast has been gathered mainly from the older wireless technologies, that is:
NMT, 2G, 3G and older radar installations.

    There is little desperately-needed data on the real-life carcinogenicity of the numerous Wi-Fi channel frequencies being delivered non-stop to most people wherever they go: 2.45 to 6 gigahertz.  Nor do we have adequate research on the newer 4G/LTE and 4G/WiMax antenna frequencies now saturating the nation: 600 to 850 megahertz and 1.7 to 2.5 gigahertz. Americans have been swimming in 4G wave pollution with the advent of smart phones, which offer high-speed Internet, and more so since wireless computer tablets were first handed out like candy. No research group has undertaken comprehensive studies on the bio-effects of ferocious MIMO (multiple beam) 4G signals roaring from towers and rooftops everywhere. Millions of device-loving people stream MIMO 4G into their flesh for hours each day, then tuck it under their heads at night. Worst of all, many begin intensive microwave abuse in infancy. 

   Smart personal computer devices, including tablets, feature multiple antennas which simultaneously beam differing carrier frequencies along with their diverse modulation signals. The average American is now "cooked" with multiple frequencies, propagated by numerous antennas all doing their own vibrational "thing."

    Especially concerning is the sheer number of hours to which most people are exposed by personal wireless devices. Workers and students use connected devices hundreds of hours per month, thousands of hours per year, not counting the time they carry those devices on their bodies. A recent survey by child development experts revealed that the vast majority of U.S. children under age four play with wireless devices by themselves and that most babies are familiar with parental devices before they reach the age of one. [32]

 None of the above cancer studies are germane to

our current excessive daily exposure levels.

Most enlightening would be studies of human and animal flesh

infused with the actual aggregate assault of:

(1) environmental Wi-Fi, indoors and out

(2) GSM and 3G cellular radiation

 (3) 4G beam-forming MIMO radiation 

 (4) Smart meter radiation signals

  (5) Radar radiation (24, 35, 77 gigahertz) blasting from new vehicles on the roadways

(6) GPS satellite transmissions  all delivered in combination to most people 

perpetually, year after year!

  Such realistic studies would shed valuable light on the ever-worsening

annual cancer statistics for both the USA and Canada.

And these authentic studies need to be done

BEFORE

5G millimeter wave radiation (30-100 gigahertz)

IS ADDED TO

all of the above existing wireless pollution!!!!!!

          

 

Are you getting the picture, America?

  Does this information make sense to you, Canada?

  Might it be time to back off from blind worship

of in-your-face wireless technologies?

    NEWS FLASH:

Top mobile firms know that they sell cancer!

Click the picture below for details.

 

NOTES

1. "Cardiovascular Disease: Time to Identify Emerging Environmental Risk Factors," Bandar et al., European Journal of Preventative Cardiology," 2017.

2. "Comments on NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies In Hsd: Sprague Dawley SD Rats," Hardell et al., March 12, 2018. This 26-page document was submitted to the US National Institutes of Health by the Hardell Group, Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden.

3. "There's No Evidence that Cell Phones Pose a Public Health Risk, No Matter What California Says," Popular Science, 12-19-2017.

4. "Microwaves Promote Cancer," Microwave News, July/August 1984.

5. “Data Strongly Suggest Microwaves Can Promote Cancer,” Microwave News, February 2003.

6. "Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and the Risk of Malignant Diseases--An Evaluation of Epidemiological and Experimental Findings," Hardell et al., European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 4 Suppl 1 (Supplement):3-107 October 1995.

7. "Digital Mobile Phone Radiation Boosts Cancer Rates in Mice," Microwave News, May/June 1997.

8. Mobile Telecommunications and Health, H.E.S.E-UK, 2000. This is incredibly valuable information that documents decades ofearly research on the genotoxicity of RF/microwave radiation. Ironically, this study by the ECOLOG Institute in Germany was funded by T-Mobile, a corporate giant of the Wireless Radiation Industry. READ IT HERE

9. "Ionizing Radiation, Cellular Telephones and the Risk for Brain Tumours," Hardell et al., European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 10 (6), January 2002.

10. "Further Aspects on Cellular and Cordless Telephones and Brain Tumors," Hardell et al., International Journal of Oncology,10.3892/ijo.22.2.399, pages 399-407.

11. The REFLEX project was set up by the European Union to investigate the effects of low-level RF/microwave radiation used for wireless technologies. At a cost of three million dollars, the work was carried out by 12 research groups in seven European nations and completed in 2004. See: Report of the European Union's REFLEX Project (Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental Hazards from Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Using Sensitive in vitro Methods), November 2004. An in-depth report on the REFLEX project can be found in the on-line brochure Health and Electromagnetic Fields: EU-funded research into the Impacts of Electromagnetic Fields and Mobile Phones on Health published by the European Commission, 02-29-2008.

12. "Exposure to 900 MHz RFR at 0.0035 W/kg Affected Cell’s Self-defense Responses," Marinelli et al., J Cell Physiology. 198(2):324-332, 2004.

13. "Pooled Analysis of Two Case-Control Studies on Use of Cellular and Cordless Telephones and the Risk for Malignant Brain Tumours Diagnosed in 1997-2003," Hardell et al., International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Volume 79, Issue 8, pp. 630-639.

14. "Epidemiological Evidence for a Health Risk from Mobile Phone Base Stations." Int J Occup Env Health:16- 3, Jul/Sept 2010, p. 263-267.

15. "Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies on Malignant Brain Tumours and the Use of Mobile and Cordless Phones Including Living and Deceased Subjects," Hardell et al., International Journal of Oncology, 38(5):1465-74, February 2011.

16. IARC Report to the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) on the Interphone Study, Dr. Christopher Wild, IARC Director, Lyon, 03 October 2011. See Also: "Re-Analysis of Risk of Glioma in Relation to Global Telephone Use: Comparison with the Results of the Interphone International Case-control Study," Hardell et al., Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, 1464-3685, Vol. 40, no 4, p. 1126-1128.

17. "Association Between Number of Cell Phone Contracts and Brain Tumor Incidence in Nineteen U.S. States," Lehrer et al., Journal of Neuro-Oncology, (2011) 101:505-507.

18. "Carcinogenicity of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields," The Lancet, 06-22-2011. LINK

19. "Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies on Acoustic Neuroma Diagnosed 1997-2003 and 2007-2009 and Use of Mobile and Cordless Phones," Hardell et al., International Journal of Oncology, 43 (4) July 2013.

20. "Using the Hill Viewpoints from 1965 for Evaluating Strengths of Evidence of the Risk for Brain Tumors Associated with Use of Mobile and Cordless Phones," Hardell et al., Review of Environmental Health, 2013; 28 (2-3):97-106.

21. "Multi-Focal Breast Cancer in Young Women with Prolonged Contact Between Their Breasts and Their Cell Phones," West et al., Hindawi Publishing Corp., Case Reports in Medicine, Article ID 354682, 08-19-2013.

22. "Decreased Survival of Glioma Patients With Astrocytroma Grade IV (Glioblastoma Multiforme) Associated With Long-Term Use of Mobile and Cordless Phones," Hardell et al., Environmental Research and Public Health, 11 (10)10790-10805, 2014.

23. "Mobile Phone Use and Brain Tumours in the CERENAT Case-Control Study," Coureau et al., Occupation and Environmental Medicine, 2014, July 71 (7) 514-22.

24. "Tumor Promotion by Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Below Exposure Limits for Humans," Lerchi et al., Biochemical and BioPhysical Research Communications, Volume 459, Issue 4, April 17, 2015.

25. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenicity Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, June 8, 2016. BioEM2016 Meeting, Ghent, Belgium.

26. "Mobile Phone Use and the Risk of Parotid Gland Tumors: A Retrospective Case-Control Study," Al-Qahtani et al., The Gulf Journal of Oncology [01 Jan 2016, 1(20):71-78].

27. "Probabilistic Multiple-Bias Modeling Applied to the Canadian Data From the Interphone Study of Mobile Phone Use and Risk of Glioma, Meningioma, Acoustic Neuroma, and Parotid Gland Tumors," Momoli et al., American Journal of Epidemiology, 1;186 (7) 885-893, 10-01-2017.

28. "Evaluation of Mobile Phone and Cordless Phone Use and Glioma Risk Using the Bradford Hill Viewpoints from 1965 on Association and Causation," Carlberg et al., BioMedical Research International, Article ID 9218486, 03-16-2017.

29. "Report of Final Results Regarding Brain and Heart Tumors in Sprague-Dawley Rats Exposed from Prenatal Life Until Natural Death to Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Field Representative of a 1.8 GSM Base Station Environmental Emission," Falcioni et al., Environmental Research, March 2018. See also: "More Than a Coincidence," Microwave News, February 20, 2018.

30. "Cell Phone Use and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Connecticut," Luo et al., Annals of Epidemiology, 2018 10:004.

31. "Radiofrequency Radiation-Related Cancer: Assessing Causation in the Occupational/Military Setting," Peleg et al.,Environmental Research, Volume 163, May 2018, pp. 123-133.
32. Exposure and Use of Mobile Media Devices by Young Children," Kabali et al., Pediatrics, December 2015, Vol. 135/ Issue 6.

Note: The above list of wireless pollutants requiring proper human health studies does not include the blizzard of numerousOTHER environmental frequencies:military transmissions, HAARP-type weather control microwaves, Doppler weather radar, aircraft radar, AM and FM radio frequencies, shortwave radio, digital television frequencies, public safety frequencies, experimental white space frequencies (used for Super Wi-Fi), HPWREN transmissions, X, Ku, Ka satellite signals, etc.

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