CSPOA: Over 40 Sheriffs Stand Against Governor Newsom in California! Time to Deputize Posses?

Could the County Sheriff be the last stronghold of resistance against the tyrants trying to take over American and usher in their New World Order?

CSPOA: Over 40 Sheriffs Stand Against Governor Newsom in California! Time to Deputize Posses?

August 30, 2020

Comments by Brian Shilhavy
Editor, Health Impact News

Retired Sheriff Richard Mack, founder of the Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association (CSPOA), has been training county sheriffs for more than a decade on how to keep their oath of office.

Now, due to the excessive tyrannical COVID dictates terrorizing the nation, there is a new-found demand for the services of CSPOA, and they recently started a monthly “Ask Sheriff Mack Any Question You Want” call-in program to educate people on the Constitutional role of County Sheriffs.

In his most recent call in August, he revealed that he has been in contact with sheriffs in California, and that they claim that there are at least 40 sheriffs in California who oppose Governor Newsom.

And that’s out of 58 sheriffs!

Could the County Sheriff be the last stronghold of resistance against the tyrants trying to take over American and usher in their New World Order?

Sheriff Mack thinks so. On his last call-in he stated:

The Sheriff has the authority to call out the militia, or the posse. He has the authority to keep a posse of minute men, at minute’s notice, that they can respond and that they can be trained, however the Sheriff wants.

Too many Sheriffs shy away from this. They’re a little bit timid to go after posses.

I can tell you I had a posse when I was Sheriff. Just about every Sheriff in the state of Arizona and many other western states already use a posse, and people don’t realize this.

He goes on to explain that there are 3080 sheriffs in the United States, with only 3 states that currently do not have sheriffs.

Alaska and Hawaii, which became states in 1959, did not form any sheriffs at all. About 20 years ago the state of Connecticut voted the office of Sheriff out.

Sacramento County Sheriff Scott Jones

He goes on to say that the sheriff who has shocked him the most in resisting COVID dictates is Sheriff Scott Jones of Sacremento.

The biggest shocker to me, so far, has been Sheriff Scott Jones of Sacremento.

Sheriff Scott Jones stood against Governor Newsom and told him he would not enforce the mask laws and some of the other shut down (measures).

Sheriff Warnke from Merced, California told Sheriff Mack that there are at least 40 sheriffs in California that are now opposing Governor Newsom.

What we’ve seen with the sheriffs is, one, they are standing against tyranny and for the Constitution.

They’re setting a great example, and they are proving that what we’ve been doing, and what we’ve been telling sheriffs all along, that they should be doing, is now working.

It’s just really too bad it took the shutdown of America to make that happen.

Sheriff Mack stated what the simple goal is of CSPOA:

All the CSPOA is doing is trying to get the Sheriff to do one thing: to wake up to our awful situation, and to wake up to his duty to just simply keep his oath of office.

The sheriff is the guard of the Republic, the protector of the people, and the defender of liberty.

He gave one example illustrating the power of the Office of Sheriff, which ironically was done by a sheriff who is not part of the Constitutional Sheriffs that they work with, and oversees one of the most liberal cities in the U.S., Chicago.

Tom Dart (Cook County – Chicago), refused to be a Constitutional Sheriff. But about 10 years ago, he made news all over the country, and maybe all over the world, probably doing the most powerful Constitutional (action) that any Sheriff has ever done in America.

He stopped all foreclosures of people’s homes in the Chicago area. And there were literally hundreds of them.

And the big banks were really getting mad at him, but there was nothing they could do it about it.

Do you want to know why? Because the Sheriff doesn’t answer to them. And he doesn’t answer to anybody else.

Why wasn’t he fired? Why wasn’t he arrested?

Because they can’t. And there’s nothing anybody can do about it.

This is the power of the Sheriff. He can tell the government and big corporations, and banks – he can tell them one little word: NO!

I believe that Sheriffs should be opposing the IRS in kicking people out of their homes. That should never happen.

Listen to his entire talk where he deals with questions such as: Why aren’t Constitutional Sheriffs arresting officials who are violating people’s rights?

He does get partisan at the end of the talk, but this really is a non-partisan issue that everyone who opposes tyranny needs to be educated on.

https://healthimpactnews.com/2020/cspoa-over-40-sheriffs-stand-against-governor-newsom-in-california-time-to-deputize-posses/

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Imagine you feel a tremor right now and go to look out the window, and you see a mushroom cloud growing on the horizon

Nuclear War: A Thought Experiment

Caitlin Johnston
Aug 30 · 6 min read

 

Russia has declassified the video footage of the largest nuclear explosion of all time, the Arctic detonation of the so-called “Tsar Bomba” in 1961.

The explosion was 1,500 times more powerful than those which destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined, and ten times more powerful than all munitions detonated during the entirety of World War Two. Its mushroom cloud was 42 miles high, over seven times the height of Mount Everest. It was 59 miles wide. It yielded 50 megatons, but could have been rigged to yield twice as much with technology that was available at the time.

The footage is a sight to behold, and serves as a sobering reminder that not only have we been living on the same planet as these horrible things for many generations, but the only reason any of us are still around is by sheer dumb luck. We’ve come inches away from total nuclear war not once, not twice, but many times during the last cold war due to miscommunications and technical malfunctions, which could have easily gone the other way if things had been just a tiny bit different.

And now America is heading into rapidly escalating new cold war tensions with not one but two nuclear-armed nations, and flirting with armageddon hasn’t gotten one iota safer. People like to think of nuclear standoffs as the leaders of nuclear-armed nations each hovering a finger over “the button”, but in reality there are thousands of individuals in the world who have the ability to independently start a nuclear war, any one of whom could easily do so because of confusion, miscommunication, or other unforeseen circumstances amid heightening tensions.

Nuclear brinkmanship has so very, very many moving parts, with so very, very many things that could go wrong. It’s an impossible situation to retain control of.

A 2014 report published in the journal Earth’s Future found that it would only take the detonation of 100 nuclear warheads to throw 5 teragrams of black soot into the earth’s stratosphere for decades, blocking out the sun and making the photosynthesis of plants impossible. This could easily starve every terrestrial organism to death that didn’t die of radiation or climate chaos first. China has hundreds of nuclear weapons; Russia and the United States have thousands.

We are in trouble. The only reason we don’t realize it is because Anderson Cooper and Chris Wallace aren’t telling us we’re in trouble on a daily basis like they would be doing if mainstream journalism existed. We’re in at least as much trouble as in 1961; we just think we’re safer because we got lucky during the last cold war.

In fact we are arguably in more danger, because the United States is entering post-primacy as China surges and unaligned governments continue building a world order that isn’t dependent on the US dollar or American hegemony. That reality is about to crash headlong into a prevailing Washington orthodoxy that US unipolar domination must be preserved at all cost. An inevitable dethronement meeting an ideology which asserts that dethronement must never come.

A cornered animal is dangerous, especially one with fangs and claws. A dying empire is dangerous, especially one with nuclear weapons.

Today is the International Day against Nuclear Tests.

The only way to guarantee that nuclear weapons are never used or tested again is to eliminate them.

(THREAD) #nuclearban #AgainstNuclearTests #IDANT pic.twitter.com/KwyoLvnj1d

— ICAN (@nuclearban) August 29, 2020

With that in mind, I’d like to offer a thought experiment.

Imagine you feel a tremor right now and go to look out the window, and you see a mushroom cloud growing on the horizon.

Really try to imagine what that would be like, just for the moment.

Really put yourself there, and at your own pace go through the following questions:

What are you feeling?

Where’s the first place your mind goes?

How are you feeling about your loved ones?

Are you happy with how much time you’ve been spending with them lately?

Are you happy with how you’ve been treating them?

Are you satisfied with how you’ve been living your life?

Would you say that your priorities have been where they should have been?

Over the last month, have you been spending all your time and mental energy in a way that you now find ideal?

Have you been spending your time and mental energy in the way you would have been spending it if you’d been mindful of the fact that a nuclear war could erupt at any moment?

Because — and this is the end of the thought experiment — a nuclear war could erupt at any moment.

It is important to reckon with this fact. Living on the same planet as armageddon weapons and a global contract of mutually assured destruction should be something that you are acutely aware of, and something you have grappled with on an existential level to the fullest extent possible. Because it threatens your life, and the life of everyone you know, in every second that ticks by.

You should be aware of this, and that awareness should change you. It should change the way you live. It should change the way you spend your time and your mental energy. Because you are not guaranteed a single second beyond the one you are reading this sentence in.

Failing to grapple with the reality that nuclear annihilation is hovering over our heads at every instant is the same as failing to grapple with the existential realities of your own mortality. It is that personally relevant to you. It’s as negligent as failing to reckon with your childhood traumas or your place in the universe. If you haven’t truly contemplated the reality of nuclear standoff even as the empire you inhabit hurls itself into new cold war escalations, you aren’t being real with yourself at all.

This is about you. Personally. As much as anything else in your life is about you. Because it has every ability to end your life and everything in it at any time.

New declassified footage shows the detonation of the Soviet Union's 50 megaton Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created and tested https://t.co/kRndXfZzPs pic.twitter.com/v4mFPOAg1b

— Mikael Thalen (@MikaelThalen) August 22, 2020

Ignoring this reality is as absurd as ignoring a stranger following you around with a gun to your head every moment of your life. If you feel like another thought experiment, put yourself in that situation for a minute, because it’s the same as what’s happening now. Only difference is if that gun goes off, it doesn’t just kill you. It kills everyone.

Pursue a life of excellence and live each moment like it could be your last, because of course it could. And above all make sure you do everything in your power to raise awareness and oppose the insanity of the situation we now find ourselves in. If God forbid we ever do see that mushroom cloud out our window, we want to at the very least be able to say we did everything we could, and we made the most of the time we had here.

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RT PCR Test Fraud - Homo sapiens chromosome 8 defined in the WHO PCR test specs

• The sequence “CTCCCTTTGTTGTGTTGT” is an 18-character primer sequence found in the WHO coronavirus PCR testing protocol document.
• The primer sequences are what get amplified by the PCR process in order to be detected and designated a “positive” test result.
• It just so happens this exact same 18-character sequence, verbatim, is also found on Homo sapiens chromosome 8!
• As far as I can tell, this means that the WHO test kits should find a positive result in all humans

Bombshell Evidence: COVID RNA Base Pairs are Identical to Chromosome 8 Human DNA

Posted on August 22, 2020 by ourgreaterdestiny

One of the WHO primer sequences in the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 is found in all human DNA

By Fauxlex – Apr 06.20

The sequence “CTCCCTTTGTTGTGTTGT” is an 18-character primer sequence found in the WHO coronavirus PCR testing protocol document.

The primer sequences are what get amplified by the PCR process in order to be detected and designated a “positive” test result.

It just so happens this exact same 18-character sequence, verbatim, is also found on Homo sapiens chromosome 8!

As far as I can tell, this means that the WHO test kits should find a positive result in all humans. Can anyone explain this otherwise?

Homo sapiens chromosome 8, GRCh38.p12 Primary Assembly
Sequence ID: NC_000008.11 Length: 145138636
Range 1: 63648346 to 63648363 is “CTCCCTTTGTTGTGTTGT”

Proof that human chromosome 8 has this exact same 18-character sequence. The sequence is shown at the bottom of the page. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/NC_000008.11?report=genbank&log$=nuclalign&from=63648346&to=63648363

Fauxlex wrote in the comment section:
This is the WHO protocol. I also came across several private companies (Sigma-Aldrich, Thermo Fisher) whose PCR primer sequences were longer and had no such match. So I am not saying that ALL test kits belong to WHO, but if we were to find shenanigans we would expect to find it with the WHO. This really has me shaken, and I am really starting to believe that the WHO designed a test where they would be able to find a positive anywhere they wanted to find one. Also, the PCR test process is inherently very error-prone and even the WHO test may occasionally have false negatives. I’m stunned.

Read more at https://pieceofmindful.com/2020/04/06/bombshell-who-coronavirus-pcr-test-primer-sequence-is-found-in-all-human-dna/?fbclid=IwAR3MLXyv9d9VXwhKOJDKgwB6hIJqS0QLfFkMv8xqsLtRn8h9qFAjcR_V2rE

Very educational video that also exposes Gardasil.

3. CORONAVIRUS – WHERE’S THE SCIENCE?

Scroll down to: THE SCIENCE OF TESTING: https://thedoctorwithin.com/blog/2020/03/10/newsletter-march-2020/

Now for the bad news. What is the test they claim to use to identify this new bug in a patient? The test is called PCR. This is the classic polymerase chain reaction test, invented in the 80s by Dr Kary Mullis. In 40 years, doctors have never come up with any test more accurate than this very flawed, theoretical estimate of microbial activity.

The test produces loads of false positives, often failing to measure anything at all. No one is more critical of the test’s reliability than the inventor himself.

Dr. Kary Mullis, who won the Nobel prize for inventing PCR to detect HIV, [9] explains its limitations—why the PCR is not especially diagnostic, for HIV or for anything else:

“Quantitative PCR is an oxymoron. PCR is intended to identify substances qualitatively, but by its very nature is unsuited for estimating numbers. Although there is a common misimpression that the viral-load tests actually count the number of viruses in the blood, these tests cannot detect free, infectious viruses at all; they can only detect proteins that are believed, in some cases wrongly, to be unique to HIV.
.
“The tests can detect genetic sequences of viruses, but not viruses themselves.” [1]

Can’t identify viruses? Then how do we know all these people have the same disease, let alone the same novel disease?

This means that with all these people who have supposedly been PCR tested for COVID, there is still no conclusive diagnostic evidence that they have any coronaviruses at all. Let alone the same virus. According to the inventor of the primary diagnostic test. Red more at https://thedoctorwithin.com/blog/2020/03/10/newsletter-march-2020/

COVID19 is a catalyst for

1] World domination by the forces of darkness or
2] Man to open his/her mind and heart, speak the truth, use mask exemptions, protect the children, take back personal power and freedom from politicians Kontrolled by a new world dystopian order.

Evidence strongly suggests that a vote for ‘any’ politician is a vote for #1. You know the rest.

Please share this information. Thank you.

Without Prejudice and Without Recourse
Doreen A Agostino
http://freetobewealthy.net
Sent via hardwired computer
All wireless turned off to safeguard life

https://ourgreaterdestiny.org/2020/08/bombshell-evidence-covid-rna-base-pairs-are-identical-to-chromosome-8-human-dna/

 

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Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
(RT-PCR) in COVID-19 Testing

This animation from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory’s DNA Learning Center takes an authoritative look “under the hood” of COVID-19 testing. You will learn about a clever method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which amplifies the virus genetic “fingerprint” to detect as few as several virus particles present in a throat swab or other patient sample.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vd38iS_W7ww

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Chromosome 8

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Chromosome 8
Human chromosome 8 pair after G-banding. One is from mother, one is from father.
Chromosome 8 pair in human male karyogram.
Features
Length (bp)	145,138,636 bp (GRCh38)[1]
No. of genes	646 (CCDS)[2]
Type	Autosome
Centromere position	Submetacentric[3] (45.2 Mbp[4])
Complete gene lists
CCDS	Gene list
HGNC	Gene list
UniProt	Gene list
NCBI	Gene list
External map viewers
Ensembl	Chromosome 8
Entrez	Chromosome 8
NCBI	Chromosome 8
UCSC	Chromosome 8
Full DNA sequences
RefSeq	NC_000008 (FASTA)
GenBank	CM000670 (FASTA)

Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 8 spans about 145 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4.5 and 5.0% of the total DNA in cells.^[5]

About 8% of its genes are involved in brain development and function, and about 16% are involved in cancer. A unique feature of 8p is a region of about 15 megabases that appears to have a high mutation rate. This region shows a significant divergence between human and chimpanzee, suggesting that its high mutation rates have contributed to the evolution of the human brain.^[5]

Contents

• 1Genes
  • 1.1Number of genes
  • 1.2Gene list
• 2Diseases and disorders
• 3Cytogenetic band
• 4References
• 5External links

Genes[edit]

Number of genes[edit]

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 8. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.^[6]

Estimated by	Protein-coding genes	Non-coding RNA genes	Pseudogenes	Source	Release date
CCDS	646	—	—	[2]	2016-09-08
HGNC	656	242	539	[7]	2017-05-12
Ensembl	670	1,052	613	[8]	2017-03-29
UniProt	703	—	—	[9]	2018-02-28
NCBI	719	848	682	[10][11][12]	2017-05-19

Gene list[edit]

See also: Category:Genes on human chromosome 8.

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 8. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.

• ADHFE1 encoding protein Alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing 1
• AEG1 : Astrocyte Elevated Gene (linked to hepatocellular carcinoma and neuroblastoma)
• ANK1: ankyrin 1, erythrocytic
• Arc/Arg3.1
• ASAH1: N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (acid ceramidase) 1
• ASPH: encoding enzyme Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase
• AZIN1: encoding protein Antizyme inhibitor 1
• BRF2: transcription factor IIIB 50 kDa subunit
• C8orf32/WDYHV1: encoding enzyme Protein N-terminal glutamine amidohydrolase
• C8orf33: chromosome 8, open reading frame 33
• C8orf4: encoding protein Uncharacterized protein C8orf4
• C8orf46: encoding protein chromosome 8 open reading frame 46 (C8orf46)
• C8orf48 encoding protein C8orf48
• C8orf58: chromosome 8 open reading frame 58
• CCAT1: colon cancer associated transcript 1
• CCDC25: coiled-coil domain containing protein 25
• CHD7: chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7
• CHMP4C: Charged multivesicular body protein 4c
• CHRAC1 encoding protein Chromatin accessibility complex 1
• CHRNA2: cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 (neuronal)
• CLN8: ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 8
• CNGB3: cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3
• COH1: vacuolar protein sorting 13B
• CRISPLD1 encoding protein Cysteine rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 1
• CSGALNACT1: Chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1
• CTHRC1 encoding protein Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1
• CYP11B1: cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
• CYP11B2: cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2
• DCSTAMP: dendrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein
• DPYS: dihydropyrimidinase
• EBAG9: Estrogen receptor binding site associated antigen 9
• EPPK1: epiplakin
• ERICH5 encoding protein Glutamate rich 5
• ESCO2: establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2
• EXT1: exostosin glycosyltransferase 1
• EXTL3: exostosin-like glycosyltransferase 3
• EYA1: EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 1
• FABP9: fatty acid binding protein 9, testis
• FAM167A: family with sequence similarity 167, member A
• FAM203B: family with sequence similarity 203, member B
• FAM83A: family with sequence similarity 83, member A
• FAM83H: family with sequence similarity 83, member H
• FBXO16 encoding protein F-box protein 16
• FDFT1 encoding protein Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1
• FGFR1: fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 2, Pfeiffer syndrome)
• FGL1: Fibrinogen-like protein 1
• GDAP1: ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1
• GDF6: growth differentiation factor 6
• GPIHBP1: GPI-anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1
• GRINA: encoding protein Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate-associated protein 1 (glutamate binding)
• GSDMC encoding protein Gasdermin C
• GULOP pseudogene: responsible for human inability to produce Vitamin C
• HGSNAT: heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase
• HMBOX1: encoding protein Homeobox containing 1, also known as homeobox telomere-binding protein 1 (HOT1)
• HRSP12 encoding enzyme Ribonuclease UK114
• INTS8: integrator complex subunit 8
• INTS9: integrator complex subunit 9
• KCNQ3: potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 3.
• KIAA0196: KIAA0196
• KIF13B encoding protein Kinesin family member 13B
• LACTB2: lactamase, beta 2
• LAPTM4B: lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4B
• LOC642658: encoding protein Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor scleraxis
• LPL: lipoprotein lipase
• LSM1: U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm1
• MAK16: MAK16 homolog
• MCPH1: microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive 1
• MIR6850 encoding protein MicroRNA 6850
• MRPL13 encoding protein Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L13
• MYBL1 encoding protein MYB proto-oncogene like 1
• NBN: nibrin
• NDRG1: N-myc downstream regulated gene 1
• NEF3: neurofilament 3 (150kDa medium)
• NEFL: neurofilament, light polypeptide 68kDa
• ODF1: outer dense fiber protein 1
• OTUD6B: OTU domain containing 6B
• PDP1: pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1
• PKIA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha
• PLEC: plectin
• PNMA2: paraneoplastic antigen Ma2
• PREX2: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 2
• PROSC: proline synthetase co-transcribe bacterial homolog protein
• GLI4: encoding protein Gli family zinc finger 4
• PURG encoding protein Purine-rich element binding protein G
• PVT1: Pvt1 oncogene
• RECQL4: RecQ protein-like 4
• RNF5P1: ring finger protein 5 pseudogene 1
• RRS1: ribosome biogenesis regulator homolog
• RUNX1T1: runt-related transcription factor 1; translocated to, 1 (cyclin D-related)
• SFTPC: surfactant protein C
• SLC20A2: Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2
• SLURP1: secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1
• SNAI2: snail homolog 2 (Drosophila)
• SPAG11B: sperm-associated antigen 11B
• STAU2: staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 2
• SYBU: Syntabulin
• TG: thyroglobulin
• THAP1: THAP domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 1
• TMEM67: encoding protein Meckelin
• TNFRSF11B: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b
• TONSL: encoding protein Tonsoku-like, DNA repair protein
• TPA: tissue plasminogen activator
• TRMT12: tRNA methyltransferase 12 homolog
• TRPS1: trichorhinophalangeal syndrome I
• TTI2 encoding protein TELO2 interacting protein 2
• VCPIP1: valosin containing protein/p47 complex interacting protein 1
• VMAT1: vesicular monoamine transporter protein
• VPS13B: vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (yeast)
• VPS37A: vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A
• WRN: Werner syndrome
• YTHDF3: YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 3
• ZFP41: encoding protein ZFP41 zinc finger protein
• ZHX2: zinc fingers and homeoboxes protein 2
• ZMAT4: zinc finger matrin-type 4
• ZNF16: zinc finger protein 16
• ZNF395: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 395
• ZNF517 encoding protein Zinc finger protein 517
• ZNF696 encoding protein Zinc finger protein 696
• ZNF703: zinc finger protein 703
• ZNF706: zinc finger protein 706
• ZNF707: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 707

Diseases and disorders[edit]

The following diseases and disorders are some of those related to genes on chromosome 8:

• 8p23.1 duplication syndrome
• Burkitt's lymphoma
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
• COACH Syndrome
• Cleft lip and palate
• Cohen syndrome
• Congenital hypothyroidism
• Fahr's syndrome
• Hereditary Multiple Exostoses
• Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, familial
• Myelodysplastic syndrome
• Pfeiffer syndrome
• Primary microcephaly
• Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
• Schizophrenia, associated with 8p21-22 locus^[13][14][15]
• Waardenburg syndrome
• Werner syndrome
• Pingelapese blindness
• Langer-Giedion syndrome
• Roberts Syndrome
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Sanfilippo syndrome

Cytogenetic band[edit]

G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 8

G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 8 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser).

G-banding patterns of human chromosome 8 in three different resolutions (400,^[16] 550^[17] and 850^[4]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).^[18] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process.^[19]

G-bands of human chromosome 8 in resolution 850 bphs^[4]

Chr.	Arm[20]	Band[21]	ISCN start[22]	ISCN stop[22]	Basepair start	Basepair stop	Stain[23]	Density
8	p	23.3	0	115	1	2,300,000	gneg
8	p	23.2	115	331	2,300,001	6,300,000	gpos	75
8	p	23.1	331	690	6,300,001	12,800,000	gneg
8	p	22	690	992	12,800,001	19,200,000	gpos	100
8	p	21.3	992	1179	19,200,001	23,500,000	gneg
8	p	21.2	1179	1380	23,500,001	27,500,000	gpos	50
8	p	21.1	1380	1639	27,500,001	29,000,000	gneg
8	p	12	1639	1897	2,900,0001	36,700,000	gpos	75
8	p	11.23	1897	2041	36,700,001	38,500,000	gneg
8	p	11.22	2041	2156	38,500,001	39,900,000	gpos	25
8	p	11.21	2156	2343	39,900,001	43,200,000	gneg
8	p	11.1	2343	2472	43,200,001	45,200,000	acen
8	q	11.1	2472	2645	45,200,001	47,200,000	acen
8	q	11.21	2645	2817	47,200,001	51,300,000	gneg
8	q	11.22	2817	3033	51,300,001	51,700,000	gpos	75
8	q	11.23	3033	3277	51,700,001	54,600,000	gneg
8	q	12.1	3277	3493	54,600,001	60,600,000	gpos	50
8	q	12.2	3493	3622	60,600,001	61,300,000	gneg
8	q	12.3	3622	3809	61,300,001	65,100,000	gpos	50
8	q	13.1	3809	3938	65,100,001	67,100,000	gneg
8	q	13.2	3938	4096	67,100,001	69,600,000	gpos	50
8	q	13.3	4096	4312	69,600,001	72,000,000	gneg
8	q	21.11	4312	4545	7,200,0001	74,600,000	gpos	100
8	q	21.12	4545	4628	74,600,001	74,700,000	gneg
8	q	21.13	4628	4858	74,700,001	83,500,000	gpos	75
8	q	21.2	4858	4959	83,500,001	85,900,000	gneg
8	q	21.3	4959	5289	85,900,001	92,300,000	gpos	100
8	q	22.1	5289	5577	92,300,001	97,900,000	gneg
8	q	22.2	5577	5692	97,900,001	100,500,000	gpos	25
8	q	22.3	5692	5922	100,500,001	105,100,000	gneg
8	q	23.1	5922	6152	105,100,001	109,500,000	gpos	75
8	q	23.2	6152	6267	109,500,001	111,100,000	gneg
8	q	23.3	6267	6611	111,100,001	116,700,000	gpos	100
8	q	24.11	6611	6726	116,700,001	118,300,000	gneg
8	q	24.12	6726	6942	118,300,001	121,500,000	gpos	50
8	q	24.13	6942	7244	121,500,001	126,300,000	gneg
8	q	24.21	7244	7431	126,300,001	130,400,000	gpos	50
8	q	24.22	7431	7661	130,400,001	135,400,000	gneg
8	q	24.23	7661	7804	135,400,001	138,900,000	gpos	75
8	q	24.3	7804	8250	138,900,001	145,138,636	gneg

References[edit]

1. ^ "Human Genome Assembly GRCh38 - Genome Reference Consortium". National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
2. ^ Jump up to:^a b "Search results - 8[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. CCDS Release 20 for Homo sapiens. 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
3. ^ Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010). Human Molecular Genetics. Garland Science. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-136-84407-2.
4. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
5. ^ Jump up to:^a b Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Rubenstein JL; Rubenstein (2009). "Chromosome 8p as a potential hub for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders: implications for schizophrenia, autism and cancer". Mol Psychiatry. 14 (6): 563–89. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.2. PMID 19204725.
6. ^ Pertea M, Salzberg SL (2010). "Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes". Genome Biol. 11 (5): 206. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206. PMC 2898077. PMID 20441615.
7. ^ "Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 8". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
8. ^ "Chromosome 8: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens". Ensembl Release 88. 2017-03-29. Archived from the original on 2019-12-03. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
9. ^ "Human chromosome 8: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM". UniProt. 2018-02-28. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
10. ^ "Search results - 8[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
11. ^ "Search results - 8[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ( ("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
12. ^ "Search results - 8[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
13. ^ Blouin JL, Dombroski BA, Nath SK, et al. (September 1998). "Schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosomes 13q32 and 8p21". Nat. Genet. 20 (1): 70–3. doi:10.1038/1734. PMID 9731535.
14. ^ Gurling HM, Kalsi G, Brynjolfson J, et al. (March 2001). "Genomewide genetic linkage analysis confirms the presence of susceptibility loci for schizophrenia, on chromosomes 1q32.2, 5q33.2, and 8p21-22 and provides support for linkage to schizophrenia, on chromosomes 11q23.3-24 and 20q12.1-11.23". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68 (3): 661–73. doi:10.1086/318788. PMC 1274479. PMID 11179014.
15. ^ Suarez BK, Duan J, Sanders AR, et al. (February 2006). "Genomewide linkage scan of 409 European-ancestry and African American families with schizophrenia: suggestive evidence of linkage at 8p23.3-p21.2 and 11p13.1-q14.1 in the combined sample". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (2): 315–33. doi:10.1086/500272. PMC 1380238. PMID 16400611.
16. ^ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (400 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
17. ^ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
18. ^ International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-3-318-02253-7.
19. ^ Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. (2012). "Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images". In Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), 2012 International Joint Conference on: 276–282. doi:10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965. ISBN 978-1-4673-1921-8.
20. ^ "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
21. ^ For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
22. ^ Jump up to:^a b These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
23. ^ gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.

• Gilbert F (2001). "Chromosome 8". Genet Test. 5 (4): 345–54. doi:10.1089/109065701753617516. PMID 11960583.
• Nusbaum C; et al. (2006). "DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8". Nature. 439 (7074): 331–5. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..331N. doi:10.1038/nature04406. PMID 16421571.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Human chromosome 8.

• National Institutes of Health. "Chromosome 8". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2017-05-06.
• "Chromosome 8". Human Genome Project Information Archive 1990–2003. Retrieved 2017-05-06.

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Categories: 

• Chromosomes (human)
• Genes on human chromosome 8