Levels of Concern and Exposure Limits
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Conversion Chart Microwave Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) = (EMF)
See Also: Safe Living Technology EMF/RF/Magnetic Field full conversion charts here
Scroll down for Worldwide Exposure Limits and Current Heat-Based Guidelines
Levels of Concern and Exposure Limits
* Low concern- Building Biologists benchmark
** BioinInitiative- No observable effect on humans
*** Extreme concern for long term exposure- Building Biologists benchmark-Building Biologist EMR Exposure Guidelines are here
Current Limits in U.S. are in μW/m2 = Red highlights and are 1000 μW/cm2 =1mW/cm2 =.001W/cm2 = 10,000,000 μW/m2 = 10,000 mW/m2 = 10W/m2 = 61.4 V/m= 64,100 mV/m
Conversion Chart EMR = EMF
Power equivalents— 1 μW/cm2 = 10,000 μW/m2 = 0.01 W/m2
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Watts/Square Meter (W/m2)
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microWatts/Square Meter (μW/m2)
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microWatts/Square Centimeter (μW/cm2 )
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| 0.000,000,000,000,1 W/m2 | 0.000,000,1 μW/m2 | 0.000,000,000,01 μW/cm2 |
| 0.000,000,000,001 W/m2 | 0.000,001 μW/m2 | 0.000,000,000,1 μW/cm2 |
| 0.000,000,000,01 W/m2 | 0.000,01 μW/m2 | 0.000,000,001 μW/cm2 |
| 0.000,000,000,1 W/m2 | 0.000,1 μW/m2 | 0.000,000,01 μW/cm2 |
| 0.000,000,001 W/m2 | 0.001 μW/m2 | 0.000,000,1 μW/cm2 |
| 0.000,000,01 W/m2 | 0.01 μW/m2 | 0.000,001 μW/cm2 |
| 0.000,000,1 W/m2 * | 0.1 μW/m2 * | 0.000,01 μW/cm2 * |
| 0.000,001 W/m2 ** | 1 μW/m2 ** | 0.000,1 μW/cm2 ** |
| 0.000,01 W/m2 | 10 μW/m2 | 0.001 μW/cm2 |
| 0.000,1 W/m2 | 100 μW/m2 | 0.01 μW/cm2 |
| 0.001 W/m2 *** | 1,000 μW/m2 *** | 0.1 μW/cm2 *** |
| 0.01 W/m2 | 10,000 μW/m2 | 1 μW/cm2 |
| 0.1 W/m2 | 100,000 μW/m2 | 10 μW/cm2 |
| 1 W/m2 | 1,000,000 μW/m2 | 100 μW/cm2 |
| 10 W/m2 | 10,000,000 μW/m2 | 1,000 μW/cm2 |
| 100 W/m2 | 100,000,000 μW/m2 | 10,000 μW/cm2 |
| 1000 W/m2 | 1,000,000,000 μW/m2 | 100,000 μW/cm2 |
Wireless Exposure Limits in Different Countries
The limits are for frequencies between 300Mhz-300GHz in microwatts/cm2
Limit guidelines in U.S. are from 200 uW/cm2 to 1000 uW/cm2 (2 W/m2 to 10 W/m2) for RF radiation depending on frequency.
U.S. 200 microwatts/cm2 to 1,000 microwatts/cm2
Canada 1,000 microwatts/cm2
China 10 microwatts/cm2
Russia 10 microwatts/cm2
Italy 10 microwatts/cm2
France 10 microwatts/cm2
Poland 10 microwatts/cm2
Hungary 10 microwatts/cm2
Switzerland General 9.5 microwatts/cm2
Switzerland Schools and Hospitals 4.25 microwatts/cm2
Belgium 2.4 microwatts/cm2
Bulgaria 2.4 microwatts/cm2
Luxembourg 2.4 microwatts/cm2
Ukraine 2.4 microwatts/cm2
Lichtenstein 0.1 microwatts/cm2
Austria Outdoor 0.001 microwatts/cm2
Austria Indoor 0.0001 microwatts/cm2
Cosmic EMR background we evolved from <0.00000000001 μW/cm2
BioInitiative Report recommendation – ‘No Observable Effect’ with factor of 10 added for safety = 0.0003 microwatts/cm2. http://www.bioinitiative.org/conclusions/
Austrian Medical Association Exposure Limits
“In general, a wide variety of forms of EMF exposure (e.g. from cordless phones, wireless internet access, electrical installations and electrical devices in the building, mobile phone base stations, radio and TV transmitters, high-voltage lines or transformer stations) may be the root causes of health problems….Irrespective of the ICNIRP recommendations for acute effects, the following benchmarks apply to regular exposure of more than four hours per day…” AMA
High-frequency electromagnetic radiation (as power flow density)
0.1 μW/cm2 (≥1000 μW/m2 ) (≥1 mW/m2)—Very far above normal
0.001 μW/cm2 to 0.1 μW/cm2 (10-1000 μW/m2) (0.01-1 mW/m2)- Far above normal
0.001 μW/cm2 to 0.1 μW/cm2 (10-1000 μW/m2) (0.01-1 mW/m2)- Far above normal
0.000,1 μW/cm2 to 0.001 μW/cm2 (1-10 μW/m2) (0.001-0.01 mW/m2)- Slightly above normal
Less than 0.000,1 μW/cm2 (≤1 μW/m2) (≤0.001 mW/m2) – Within normal limits
“The benchmarks listed are intended to be applied to individual types of radiation, e.g. GSM, UMTS, WiMAX, TETRA, radio, TV, DECT or WLAN, and refer to peak levels. The benchmarks do not apply to radar, which must be evaluated separately. Highly critical types of radiation, such as periodic signals (mobile telephony, DECT, WLAN, digital broadcasting…), should be critically evaluated, especially if levels are far above normal, while less critical types, such as non-pulsed or non-periodic signals (USW, shortwave, medium and long wave, analogue broadcasting), may be considered more leniently.” AMA
Low-frequency alternating electric fields
≥10 V/m Very far above normal
1.5-10 V/m -Far above normal
0.3-1.5 V/m- Slightly above normal
≤0.3 V/m – Within normal limits
The benchmarks (potential-free measurement) are intended to be applied to the range up to and around 50 Hz; higher frequencies and distinct harmonics should be more critically evaluated.
Exposure Limits Have Never Considered Long Term Exposure or Non-Thermal Bio-Effects
Here is a 1999 letter (posted EHTrust), 1999-radiofrequency-interagency-workgroup, from US Health and Human Services Radiofrequency Interagency Working Group to the Industry IEEE. It states, “There is a need to discuss and differentiate the criteria for guidelines for acute and chronic exposure conditions. The past approach of basing the exposure limits on acute effects data with an extrapolation to unlimited chronic exposure durations is problematic. There is an extensive data base on acute effects with animal data, human data (e.g. MRI information), and modeling to address thermal insult and associated adverse effects for acute exposure (e.g., less than one day). For lower level (“non-thermal”), chronic exposures, the effects of concern may be very different from those for acute exposure (e.g., epigenetic effects, tumor development, neurologic symptoms). It is possible that the IEEE RF radiation guidelines development process may conclude that the data for these chronic effects exist but are inconsistent, and therefore not useable for guideline development. If the chronic exposure data are not helpful in determining a recommended exposure level, then a separate rationale for extrapolating the results of acute exposure data may be needed. In either case (chronic effects data that are useful or not useful), a clear rationale needs to be developed to support the exposure guideline for chronic as well as acute exposure.”
Martin Pall, PhD. Discusses Development of ICNIRP Guidelines Based on Heat
5G: Great risk for EU, U.S. and International Health! Compelling Evidence for Eight Distinct Types of Great Harm Caused by Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposures and the Mechanism that Causes Them. (2018) Martin L. Pall, PhD. Discusses SCENIHR and ICNIRP (International Commission on Non Ionising Radiation Protection – ICNIRP, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) Guidelines for RFR and robust scientific literature on adverse health effects which are both considered and not considered in their deliberations. https://einarflydal.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/pall-to-eu-on-5g-harm-march-2018.pdf
Environmental Health Trust also has a list of Key Policy Issues related to Exposure Guidelines here.
Exposure Limits for Radio frequency Energy: Three Models
Ken Foster, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
This article points out that different long term exposure limits in different countries is due to different models of reasoning.
- Heat: The U.S. uses science based studies but only those that examine heat based adverse effects. They do not take into account studies on non-thermal adverse effects.
- Non-Thermal Effects: Russia and China use science based studies on non-thermal effects.
- Precautionary: Switzerland, Italy and many other countries use precautionary language for their long term exposure limits
“Thus, Russian (and Eastern European) limits clearly reflect the conviction that long-term (hours or more) exposures at levels far below Western limits result in adverse health effects. Indeed, the Russian and Eastern European medical literature contains many reports of health effects from low-level exposure to RF energy. These include, for example, nonspecific problems (such as headaches, fatigability, irritability, sleep disorders, and dizziness) in workers in radio factories, who are exposed to RF energy at undetermined levels11 12. The Chinese literature contains similar reports.13 The Russian literature contains references to a “microwave disease” characterized by “asthenic, asthenovegetatic, and hypothalamic syndromes”14 The disease is not recognized in Western medicine, and its diagnostic criteria would undoubtedly strike many Western physicians as vague and nonfalsifiable. Even some Eastern European physicians have complained about the nonspecificity of these criteria as well.15 16″
Russia Explains Protective Standards for EMR
Russian National Committee of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection – 2008 report: This sobering report discusses the need for exposure guidelines that protect children and the general population from chronic levels of radio frequency radiation.
Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and EMF RF standards. New conditions of EMF RF exposure and guarantee of the health to population. Prof. Yu. Grigoriev, Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, FMBA, Moscow, Russia. https://www.radiationresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/021235_grigoriev.pdf
References
Natural and Human-activity Generated Electromagnetic Fields on Earth. 2012). Alasdair Philips and Grahma Lamburn. http://bemri.org/publications/natural-electromagnetic-fields/427-natural-and-human-activity-generated-electromagnetic-fields-on-earth.html
Human Exposures Scientific References
- Thermal mapping on male genital and skin tissues of laptop thermal sources and electromagnetic interaction. (2017) Safari M et al. Bioelectromagnetics. 2017 Aug 11. doi: 10.1002/bem.22068. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28799651
- SAR investigations on the exposure compliance of wearable wireless devices using infrared thermography. (2018) Karthik V and Rao TR. Bioelectromagnetics. . 2018 Sep;39(6):451-459. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29869805
- Simulation of PsSAR associated with the use of laptop computers as a function of position in relation to the adult body. (2015)Racing SM et al. BIO EM Asilomar conference. Annual meeting of Bioelectromagnetic Society 2015
- MRI-induced heating of selected thin wire metallic implants– laboratory and computational studies– findings and new questions raised. (2006)Bassen H et al. Minim Invasive There Allied Technol. 2006;15(2):76-84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16754190
- Interaction of mobile phones with superficial passive metallic implants. (2005) Virtanen H et al. Pays Med Biol. 2005 Jun 7;50(11):2689-700.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15901963
https://mdsafetech.org/conversion-and-exposure-limits-emr-emf/
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