sunnuntai 15. maaliskuuta 2020

Vitamin C Questions Answered

How much vitamin C is needed to treat colds and flu?
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, March 27, 2018

Vitamin C Questions: Answered

Commentary by Helen Saul Case

(OMNS Mar 27 2018) I was born and raised in a household where we used vitamins instead of medicines. Consequently, I am very familiar with utilizing high-dose vitamin C to prevent and cure illness. Now that I have children of my own, vitamins help keep them healthy, too. I think you can do the same for your family. While I am not a doctor, and you should always work with yours, here are answers to some of the most common questions
I have received about vitamin C. Topics addressed include its use in children, during pregnancy and lactation, for the treatment of illness, for the prevention of vaccination side effects, as well as help with vitamin C dosing, form, and frequency.

VITAMIN C DOSING

How much vitamin C should I take?
Your optimal dose of vitamin C depends on one thing: you. Are you healthy? Stressed? Sick?
In sickness it was observed by Robert F. Cathcart, III, MD, that, "The amount of oral ascorbic acid (vitamin C) tolerated by a patient without producing diarrhea (loose bowels) increases somewhat proportionately to the stress or toxicity of his disease" and "[s]tressful conditions of any kind greatly increase utilization of vitamin C." In other words, the sicker or more stressed you are, the more vitamin C you will "hold" before getting to saturation (bowel tolerance). Bowel tolerance is indicated by gas, a rumbling stomach, or slightly loose stool. If you take way too much C, very loose stool will result, but this goes away once dosages are reduced. When bowel tolerance is reached, this is a sign to back off the extra C. We continue to take C, but we take less and less often. It may take days to resolve illness (it depends how sick we are) but when healthy, the body needs less and "holds" less C.
I take 8,000-10,000 milligrams (mg) of vitamin C orally a day when I am healthy.
I take far more when I am under stress. If I am really sick, I may take up to 100,000 mg of vitamin C a day. Two-time Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling took 18,000 mg of vitamin C a day, and he recommended taking 6,000 to 18,000 mg per day. For healthy children, Frederick R. Klenner, MD, recommended 1,000 mg per day per year of age, leveling off at 10,000 mg per day when the child reaches ten years of age. He recommended far more during illness. For example, in good health, my five-year-old gets 5,000 mg of vitamin C a day and perhaps 25,000 mg per day when sick. We always divide our doses of vitamin C and take it throughout the day. "The effects of this substance (vitamin C) when used in adequate amounts markedly alters the course of many diseases," said Dr. Cathcart. To read his important paper about bowel tolerance doses of vitamin C as it pertains to specific illnesses see:
"Vitamin C, Titrating to Bowel Tolerance, Anascorbemia, and Acute Induced Scurvy" available at http://www.doctoryourself.com/titration.html.
I'm confused about vitamin C frequency and dose. Can you help?
I find vitamin C dosing takes some getting used to. If I am sick, stressed, etc., I take vitamin C in divided doses until bowel tolerance (saturation) is reached. Then I continue to take C but less, and less often.

So for me, when sick, I may start the day with 8,000 mg and then take 2,000 to 4,000 mg every hour until I experience saturation indicated by a rumbling tummy and/or loose stool.

Once saturation is reached, I may still have some symptoms of illness, but they are improved and I feel better. I continue to take saturation level doses of C until I am symptom free, and yes, sometimes it may take a few days depending on how sick I am. When I am healthy, I regularly take 8,000 to 10,000 mg per day in divided doses, approximately 3,000 to 4,000 mg at each meal. (When I am healthy, if I took that 8,000 mg all at once it would be a quick trip to the toilet for sure. But when I'm sick I can "hold" a very large amount of C and can take larger doses.) The optimal amount may differ for other people. For more tips on vitamin C dosing I would check out this helpful article "Vitamin C Material: Where to Start, What to Watch" by Tom Taylor available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v13n20.shtml.

Scroll down to "Quick-Start Procedures for Vitamin C."
I take 2,000 mg of vitamin C a day. Is that too much?
Animals make between 2,000 and 10,000 mg of ascorbic acid vitamin C a day per human body weight equivalent. Is all of nature wrong? Decades of research have shown incredible benefits can be achieved with high-dose vitamin C. Here is an article that addresses the same question and more: "About 'Objections' to Vitamin C Therapy" available at http://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v06n24.shtml.


"The number one side effect of vitamins is failure to take enough of them. Vitamins are extraordinarily safe substances." -Andrew W. Saul

I don't take much vitamin C but I get to saturation quickly. Why?
You might try reducing or dividing your dose and taking C throughout the day. Also, check your magnesium intake. Magnesium oxide is a common form of magnesium found in supplements. However, due to poor absorption, magnesium oxide is more likely to have a laxative effect which may be confused with saturation of vitamin C. For better absorption, we take magnesium supplements in between meals and in divided doses. In addition to oral supplements (we like magnesium citrate), we also take Epsom salt baths twice a week. Here is more information about magnesium and magnesium safety, including use in children: "Magnesium Decreases Hyperactivity in ADHD Children" available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v12n20.shtml.
Also see "Magnesium" by Carolyn Dean MD, ND, available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v13n22.shtml.

Can you get too much sodium from sodium ascorbate vitamin C?
Cardiologist Thomas E. Levy, MD, says that the sodium in sodium ascorbate "does not appear to adversely affect hypertension or increase blood volume." He writes more about this here: https://www.peakenergy.com/health_ebytes/issue_9.php. Personally speaking, when I or my children are getting a significant amount of sodium as sodium ascorbate we make a point to eat lots of fruits and veggies and drink lots of fresh raw homemade veggie juice (for potassium). We also make a point to get plenty of magnesium via oral supplements and Epsom salt baths. We take ascorbic acid vitamin C with meals, instead of sodium ascorbate.

I read that ascorbic acid is not vitamin C. Is it?
Ascorbic acid is vitamin C. Doctors have been using ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate vitamin C to cure real diseases for decades. 

These articles may help:
"Ascorbic Acid Vitamin C: What's the Real Story?" available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v09n27.shtml ;
"Vitamin C and Acidity" available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v05n10.shtml ;
"Vitamin C Has Been Known to Fight 30 Major Diseases ... For Over 50 Years" available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v02n02.shtml ;
and "High-Dose Vitamin C Therapy Proven Effective" available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v06n01.shtml.
There is much more information about ascorbic acid vitamin C at https://www.seanet.com/~alexs/ascorbate/ and http://www.doctoryourself.com.

VITAMIN C THERAPEUTICS

How much vitamin C is needed to treat colds and flu?
According to Robert F. Cathcart, MD, the usual bowel tolerance doses for a mild cold could be somewhere between 30,000 mg to 60,000 mg of vitamin C per day given in divided doses. A person with a severe cold might take 60,000 mg to 100,000 mg per day before reaching bowel tolerance. The flu? Up to 150,000 mg daily might be taken in divided doses to achieve bowel tolerance. And for all those folks who feel great? Taking 4,000 mg to 15,000 mg per day could be enough to get to bowel tolerance. Stress, sickness, infection, vaccinations, postpartum or post-surgical healing, etc., indicates a need for far more. Again, here is a link to Dr. Cathcart's important paper on bowel tolerance. The entire paper is worth reading. Scroll down to see the dosage chart for vitamin C. Note that the doses on his chart are given in grams and that 1 gram = 1,000 milligrams (mg):
"Vitamin C, Titrating to Bowel Tolerance, Anascorbemia, and Acute Induced Scurvy" http://www.doctoryourself.com/titration.html.

Can vitamin C help skin reactions?
When I have any sort of skin irritation, I take high-dose vitamin C. We give high-dose vitamin C to the kids if they get bitten by mosquitos or stung by bees. Topical vitamin E is also very helpful for healing and soothing irritated skin, including sunburn. For more see: "Vitamins Cure Skin Conditions" http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v04n01.shtml.

I have an infection. What can I do?
Whenever "infection" or "-itis" is part of my doctor's diagnosis, I take saturation level (bowel tolerance) vitamin C until the infection is gone. In high doses, vitamin C works like an antibiotic, antiviral, antihistamine, and antipyretic (fever reducer) without the possible dangerous side effects of pharmaceutical drugs. So, if my doctor hands me a prescription for any of these, I go home and take saturation-level doses of vitamin C instead until my symptoms go away. As my dad Andrew Saul says, "Take enough C to be symptom free whatever the amount may be." I know I can always go fill the doctor's prescription, but I am much more comfortable trying a safe, essential vitamin first.
To treat infections, I also take extra vitamin A, make sure I'm getting enough vitamin D (as well as my other vitamins and minerals). I avoid sugar, and I drink lots of fresh, raw homemade veggie juice.
I am not against using antibiotics if they are necessary. However, each year vitamins kill no one: http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v13n01.shtml
And for those who cannot take antibiotics at all, they may find they have few other options. If antibiotics are required, so too then are probiotics. Additionally, "Using more vitamin C means needing fewer antibiotics. Using vitamin C along with antibiotics reduces their side effects. Orthomolecular (nutritional) physicians have been reporting this for years." 
See: "Antibiotics and Vitamins Work Together" available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v03n13.shtml.
What we have here are options, and we simply do the best we can for our own health situation. Of course, I am not a physician and it is important to work with your doctor.

Can vitamin C help recovering addicts?
Orthomolecular doctors say yes. Published in the Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry 40 years ago, a study by Alfred Libby, MD, and Irwin Stone, PhD, was done "on the use of megadoses of ascorbic acid to detoxify heroin addicts. They compiled 100 case reports of heroin addicts whom they detoxified using ascorbic acid and/or sodium ascorbate in doses of 25-85 g (25,000 to 85,000 milligrams) per day for the first few days, gradually tapering to a holding dose of approximately 10 g (10,000 milligrams) per day. In addition, based on the theory that addicts are malnourished in general and protein deficient in particular, most of these patients were given high levels of multivitamins and minerals and a predigested protein preparation. The patients in this study almost uniformly reported a loss of craving for drugs while taking megascorbate." 
To read the entire journal article: "The Use of Ascorbic Acid and Mineral Supplements in the Detoxification of Narcotic Addicts" by Valentine Free, MA, and Pat Sanders, RN, there is a free download at http://www.orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1978/pdf/1978-v07n04-p264.pdf.

VITAMIN C FOR INFANTS, TODDLERS, AND CHILDREN

When did you start giving your children vitamin C, and how much do you give them?
We started supplementing with vitamin C the day they were born. Plus, I took at least 8,000-10,000 milligrams (mg) per day while I was pregnant. Based on Dr. Frederick R. Klenner's recommendation for infants, we gave our babies oral doses of 50 mg of vitamin C per day. Then we gradually moved up to 1,000 mg per day by age one. However, in the winter, when our kids are sick (or about to be), or when stressed, etc., they get far more vitamin C. It depends on the day; it depends on the kid. We divide the dose and give vitamin C several times throughout the day. When they were really little, they could take pre-made liquid vitamin C by sucking it out of a dropper. Or, we made our own liquid C by dissolving vitamin C crystals in juice. While I was breastfeeding, I took plenty of vitamin C to help ensure that it was available in my breastmilk. We gave them ascorbic acid mixed with buffered calcium ascorbate vitamin C. Now, we like sodium ascorbate (and it is easier on the stomach than ascorbic acid). Practically speaking, we give sodium ascorbate in the morning. Once our kids have food in their bellies, we switch to ascorbic acid or a mix of ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate. 
To learn more, here is my article "Tips from a Megavitamin Mom: Getting Kids to Take Vitamins and Lots of Them" available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v12n09.shtml. I found this dosing table from Dr. Klenner helpful: A "Therapeutic Level of Vitamin C Supplementation as Employed by F. R. Klenner, M.D." available at http://www.doctoryourself.com/klenner_table.html.

How do I give my kids vitamin C without giving them excess sugar to get it down?
I have found that with my kids, making vitamin C tasty gets it down. Lately we have been mixing powdered vitamin C with a little bit of juice. While it is not a sugar free delivery system, for us, the benefits of getting the vitamin C into them outweighs the downside of using a little sweetness to do so. We just see to it that they otherwise have a low sugar diet.

What do you think about liposomal vitamin C? How much should you give children if bowel tolerance can't be used as an indicator?
"Quality liposomes are generally almost completely absorbed long before the colon is reached," says Thomas E. Levy, MD. While bowel tolerance is a helpful indicator of "enough" C, a child that looks and feels better is too. We have used liposomal C with success in the past, however currently, my children (and my wallet) prefer vitamin C powder in a little fruit juice. Our protocol with any form of C (as my dad Andrew Saul says) is "take enough C to be symptom free, whatever the amount may be."

How do you get little kids to take high-dose vitamin C?
We do whatever works. If it gets the C down, we are happy. Keeping it tasty is key. I write about this in detail here: "Tips from a Megavitamin Mom: Getting Kids to Take Vitamins and Lots of Them" available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v12n09.shtml.

All the vitamin C chewable tablets I've found contain sugar and fillers. What can I do?
Yes, chewables tend to have at least some sugar and flavor so they taste better. Our kids' chewable vitamin C does too. We just make sure the supplements we give them (and take ourselves) contain no artificial ingredients. It is hard to avoid all fillers, so we do the best we can and we keep in mind that getting the vitamin C into the kids is what is most important. To get around any unwanted ingredients, we buy pure sodium ascorbate vitamin C powder and pure ascorbic acid vitamin C crystals and add the desired dose to about a tablespoon of organic juice. We probably use a dozen different brands of vitamins, and our selection changes as our needs do. We have found chewable tablets to be very handy for packing in their lunch boxes and when travelling.

I can't find a children's vitamin C with enough vitamin C in it. What do you give your kids?
When it came to therapeutic dosing of vitamin C, we too had trouble finding children's supplements that contained more than 250 mg per dose. I bought a prepared (sweetened) liquid children's vitamin C and then added extra vitamin C powder to it when larger doses were required. When my kids were infants, I used a mixture of ascorbic acid vitamin C and calcium ascorbate vitamin C (buffered vitamin C): about an 80/20 mix respectively and then would administer it with a dropper or, as they got a little older, a medicine spoon. Then we switched to giving them ascorbic acid vitamin C and calcium ascorbate vitamin C in juice. If I were to do it again, I would also use sodium ascorbate vitamin C powder as it is easy on the kids' tummies and they don't mind the taste of it.

How can I get my extended family to take vitamins?
The most difficult part for me about knowing that vitamins cure disease is watching others be sick, or turn to dangerous pharmaceuticals, instead of trying nutrition first. I am sure that some people (and doctors) don't know any better. But even when they do, and they still choose medication over healthy lifestyle changes, I have to remind myself of this quote from Will Rogers: "People's minds are changed through observation and not through argument." Nutrition works. It is safe. It is effective. But in my experience, telling others what they should do doesn't work. They have to come to it on their own.

VITAMIN C AND VACCINATION

Can vitamin C prevent side effects from vaccination?
High-dose vitamin C safely prevents and treats vaccine side effects. This has been evident in our experience. We watched high dose, saturation level vitamin C bring our daughter back to health after a severe vaccine reaction. We watched high dose, saturation level vitamin C prevent vaccination side effects. We give both of our children saturation levels of C before, during (yes, right at the doctor's office) and after immunizations. We don't give the amount of vitamin C we think might work; we give enough to get the job done.
For more information about vitamin C dosing at vaccination time, here are the articles I wrote about our experience:
"Don't Vaccinate without Vitamin C" http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v11n09.shtml
"Vaccinations, Vitamin C, and "Choice" http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v12n07.shtml
This third article, "Vitamin C Prevents Side Effects from the MMR Vaccine," available at http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v12n16.shtml is also about our daughter. However, last summer, our son (age 4) received the first of two required MMR shots. In addition to giving him saturation level, high-dose vitamin C before, during, and after his vaccination, we also followed the advice of pediatrician Ralph K. Campbell, MD, gave him extra vitamin A. In addition to the beta-carotene present in his multivitamin and in the fresh, raw vegetable juice we give the kids each morning, he received 5,000 to 10,000 IU of supplemental preformed fish oil vitamin A the day before and the day of his MMR shot. He, too, did not experience a single side effect due to the MMR vaccine.

Why did you choose to vaccinate your children?
Philosophical, personal or conscientiously held belief exemptions to vaccinations are not lawful in New York State where our family lives. We comply with state mandated vaccinations, but just the ones required for school, and no more. So yes, we "chose" to have our children vaccinated. Truly, though, we didn't feel we had much choice.


While we work to mandate vaccine safety, demand informed consent, and advocate for real choice when it comes to whether or not to vaccinate, let's minimize any chance of vaccine damage now. Children are powerless. We aren't. Whether we have a choice to vaccinate or not, let's choose to give them vitamin C and lots of it.


VITAMIN C: WHAT FORM AND WHEN TO TAKE IT

What brand of vitamin C do you recommend?
I don't endorse or recommend any vitamin brand (nor will I). I can tell you this: I buy vitamins free of artificial sweeteners, artificial colors, and artificial flavors...and I call the company if I have questions about any ingredients or potency. I read and compare lots of labels and choose the best possible (and most affordable) option that gets results. I have used/use vitamin C capsules, tablets, chewables, powder, and liposomal C. As a general rule, if very high doses are required, I use vitamin C powders/crystals mixed in juice. For regular daily doses, I take capsules.

When should I take my vitamins?
I take mine in divided doses throughout the day and with food. My before (or in-between) meal supplements include magnesium and probiotics. I take vitamin C whenever I think of it, with or without food. I take B vitamins together as they work best that way, but I take extra niacin on its own as needed. I take iron separately from vitamin E, and I always take zinc with food to avoid stomach upset.

VITAMIN C: PREGNANCY AND LACTATION

I heard taking too much vitamin C during pregnancy causes infantile rebound scurvy. Is this true?
According to Alan Gaby, MD, infantile "rebound scurvy" is a myth: consuming large quantities of vitamin C during pregnancy does not cause the baby to be born with infantile scurvy. However, why stop a good thing after they are born? Frederick R. Klenner, MD, recommended 50 mg of vitamin C a day starting at birth and 1,000 mg per day per year of age up to age ten for a total dose of up to 10,000 mg per day.

I'm a nursing mom. How much vitamin C should I take?
Your optimal dose really depends on you and your baby. How do you feel? How is baby doing? For example, if mom is under a great deal of stress, less vitamin C will be available for baby in breastmilk. The way I approached it with my kids is this: I was really comfortable taking a lot of vitamin C. While I was breastfeeding, I took (at least) 8,000 to 10,000 milligrams of vitamin C a day in frequent divided doses. We also gave the kids supplemental liquid vitamin C throughout the day in small, but frequent doses, in addition to what they were getting from breastfeeding. As long as they (and I) were happy and healthy, all was good.
Saturation (bowel tolerance) is a very helpful indicator of "too much" vitamin C. Since gassiness comes before loose bowels, it's a helpful indicator of "enough" vitamin C. If bowel tolerance is reached and stools become frequent, liquid, or, as was the case for my breastfed three-month-old, frequent and greenish in color (since they are always liquid-like), we reduced the frequency and dose, but continued to give C regularly, ramping the frequency and dose up and down as the situation requires. This takes a little practice, but because vitamin C is so safe, we are very comfortable with the process of determining optimal doses for our kids.
Of note, we get the kids to saturation only if needed due to sickness, vaccination, etc. Once they are at saturation, we throttle back the dose. We continue to give C but give less and give it less frequently. We gradually work back to their normal daily dose of 1,000 mg per day per year of age. For much more about vitamin dosing and safety during pregnancy and lactation, you may want to read my book Vitamins & Pregnancy: The Real Story.
(OMNS Assistant Editor Helen Saul Case is the author of The Vitamin Cure for Women's Health Problems, Vitamins & Pregnancy: The Real Story, and Orthomolecular Nutrition for Everyone.)

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perjantai 13. maaliskuuta 2020

Why Turmeric is THE Best Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agent

  • What's The Real Difference Between Turmeric And Curcumin?
  • What is Turmeric?
  • How Turmeric Treats Inflammation?
  • Why Turmeric better than Many anti-inflammatory drugs?
  • Examples How turmeric Combats Inflammation in Various Disorders
  • Cardiovascular diseases
  • Diabetes
  • Arthritis
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Cancer
  • Gastrointestinal problems
  • Asthma
  • Inflammatory eye diseases
  • Kidney transplantation
  • Turmeric Dosage



Why Turmeric is THE Best Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agent






Inflammation is the defensive response of the body against cell damage or microbial infection to remove the cause of injury and repair the injured tissues.
Inflammation is characterized by redness, heat, pain and swelling.
Redness and heat are due to increased blood flow in the expanded blood capillaries of the affected area.
Swelling is caused by increased permeability of blood vessels that causes the outflow of plasma proteins and the fluid into damaged tissue allowing them to swell up. Some of these proteins increase the pain sensitivity.
Neutrophils (white blood cells) migrate from bloodstream to site of injury where they release the toxins and antimicrobial proteins to kill the pathogen.
Neutrophils stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokines to maintain inflammatory response and stimulate systemic inflammation in form of fever.
Some common disorders associated with inflammation are arthritis, allergies, gastrointestinal problems, muscle problems, asthma, autoimmune diseases, cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammatory eye disorders etc.

It is the common symptom associated with diseases such as arthritis, psoriasis, asthma, and bronchitis allergies, gastrointestinal problems, muscle problems, asthma, autoimmune diseases, cancer, atherosclerosis, inflammatory eye disorders etc..
It causes symptoms such as redness, stiff and aching joints, fever, headache, loss of appetite and fatigue.

What is Turmeric?

Turmeric is a yellow coloured powder obtained from the rhizomes of the plant, Curcuma longa belonging to the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family.
Ayurveda contains an age-long documented therapeutic use of turmeric as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Curcuminoids are the active compounds in turmeric which are responsible for its medicinal property.

There are mainly three curcuminoids:
curcumin (diferuloylmethane), demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcumin gives a yellow colour to turmeric.


Use of turmeric for inflammation treats all of these symptoms efficiently in par with the anti-inflammatory drugs.
The active ingredient curcumin present in turmeric plays role in the treatment of various ailments and associated symptoms.
Curcumin treats cold, cough, bronchitis, asthma, arthritis and even cancers. Here is an overview of the use of turmeric for inflammation, a common symptom associated with various ailments.


How Turmeric Treats Inflammation?

<The following section is slightly technical in natures as it elaborates how turmeric combats inflammation in the body>
Curcumin inhibits the action of different enzymes, transcription factors, cytokines and adhesion molecules involved in the inflammatory pathway.
These include phospholipase, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase 2, leukotrienes, tumour necrosis factor, thromboxane, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, interferon-inducible protein collagenase, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-12.

Mode of protection provided by curcumin against different inflammatory molecules has been elaborated as follows:

Neutrophils

Neutrophils are a kind of white blood cells which are activated as the first line of immune defence against the presence of foreign substances in the body such as pathogens.
Abnormality in the natural programmed death of these neutrophils is often associated with disorders like sepsis and acute lung injury.
The effect of Curcumin on neutrophil apoptosis (programmed cell death of neutrophils) was studied.
It suppressed the migration of neutrophils from lung endothelial (outer lining of the blood vessel) cells to the outer lining of lungs.
This migration was earlier responsible for the delay in death of neutrophils. Consequently, curcumin increased neutrophil apoptosis.
Neutrophils possess myeloperoxidase activity.
Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme that is responsible for the microbe-killing action of neutrophils. Curcumin treatment reduced the release of myeloperoxidase enzyme which is indicative of the decline in neutrophil activation.

PPAR-γ

The beneficial effect of curcumin is facilitated by the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation.
PPAR-γ regulate the expression of genes in fat tissues, large intestine and macrophages (immune cells that engulf the foreign substances in the body).
After sepsis (severe whole-body inflammation), PPAR-γ protein levels drastically decreases to half in the liver.
Pretreatment of septic rats with curcumin reversed the reduced levels of PPAR-γ to normal.

Arachidonic acid metabolic pathway

Arachidonic acid is released in the outer lining of the cell by enzyme, phospholipase A2 (PLA2). This acid can be metabolized through either COX or LOX pathway.
Cyclooxygenase is the chief enzyme in the COX pathway that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (important in the expansion of blood vessels resulting in redness and heat) and thromboxanes (constrict blood vessels to allow clot formation).
In LOX pathway, lipoxygenases (LOX) convert arachidonic acid into leukotrienes (mediator of inflammation).
Curcumin acts against PLA2, COX-2, and 5-LOX activities to prevent inflammation.

Cytokines and other inflammatory molecular signals are responsible for activating COX-2 at sites of inflammation.
Overexpression of COX-2 gene has been found in various cancerous cells such as in colon, breast, head and neck, lung, pancreas etc.
In this way, inflammation and tumor formation are interrelated. Curcumin exerts its cancer preventive effect through its anti-inflammatory activity only.
Curcumin acts against inflammation through its ability to prevent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipoxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). COX-2, LOX, and iNOS are enzymes that play an important role in inflammation.
Pathophysiology of various types of human cancer and some inflammatory disorders is linked to inappropriate upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS.
In a mouse model of inflammation, curcumin blocked the pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism and inflammation by suppression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways.

NF-κB

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) is a protein that binds to DNA and enhances the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as COX-2 gene and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
NF-κB plays an important role in upregulation of cytokines in many inflammatory diseases.

Curcumin suppresses activation of NF-κB by blocking activation of I-kappa B kinase (IKB) enzyme present upstream in a signal cascade that sends signals to NF-κB for propagating inflammation signals further by switching on all the inflammatory genes.

Nitric oxide is synthesized in inflammatory cells by the action of enzyme, intracellular nitric oxide synthase (INOS). Nitric oxide can form reactive oxygen species that damage DNA and other proteins.
Through animal studies in the laboratory, curcumin has shown its potential to inhibit both NF-kB as well as subsequent activation of COX-2 and iNOS.
Curcumin enhanced the anti-cancerous effect of gemcitabine in cancer patients by preventing: the proliferation of cancer cells, supply of blood as a nutrient to tumor cells and NF-κB-regulated genes. Upregulation of PPAR-γ may be linked to activation of NF-κB pathway.

Why Turmeric better than Many anti-inflammatory drugs?



Video coming soon

 

What's The Real Difference Between
Turmeric And Curcumin?



Many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are present in the market for treatment of pain and inflammation. Some popular ones are aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, phenylbutazole, etc.

People often prefer natural remedies over chemical drugs due to side-effects associated with the long-term use of these chemical compounds.
Years of scientific study has proven that natural herbs like turmeric are safe and do not produce any toxicity in the body upon consumption.
In India, the pinch of turmeric is used on a regular basis in food which confirms that turmeric is safe if taken within edible limits.
NSAIDs are effective in their function but their prolonged use at higher concentrations can cause stomach problems such as ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding and even increase the risk of developing stroke, cardiovascular disorders and kidney problems.
NSAIDs like Celecoxib act by inhibiting the inflammatory enzyme, COX-2 which is present in the stomach too. Stomach problems arise as these drugs block the COX pathway.
In case of steroidal drugs for inflammation, too many corticosteroids injection into joints can lead to joint damage.
Another reason of using turmeric for therapeutic purposes is its easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness as compared to the conventional NSAIDs being used.

A study was carried out to compare the efficiency of turmeric and indomethacin (NSAID) against joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis rat models.
It was found that anti-inflammatory activity of turmeric in decreasing inflammatory cytokine production exceeded that of NSAID by 10.2%.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by high cytokines level leading to inflammation. NSAIDs are used in AD patients to suppress the inflammation but often lead to gastrointestinal, liver and kidney toxicity.
Hence, curcumin was studied as NSAID alternative in AD rat models where both low and high doses of curcumin were administered.
Both doses could significantly decrease interleukin-1β (proinflammatory cytokine) and the level of oxidized proteins in the brain of AD mice models. Curcumin was found to be effective and apparently less toxic relative to NSAIDs.

Examples How turmeric Combats Inflammation in Various Disorders

Curcumin, the most active ingredient of turmeric, has shown its therapeutic efficacy in a wide range of diseases where inflammation is directly or indirectly one of the major signs/causes.

The action of curcumin in some of these disorders has been elaborated below:

Cardiovascular diseases

Inflammation is observed in the majority of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and ischemia.
Use of curcumin protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion by preventing a drop in the rate of heartbeat and blood pressure.
It also prevents the elevation of certain enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase that rise following ischemia.
Curcumin reduces the risk of inflammation and heart failure by suppressing the expression of inflammatory genes.

Read: Why Turmeric is Great for Heart Health


Diabetes

Curcumin plays role in alleviating diabetes and associated symptoms by regulating the expression of inflammatory transcription factors and cytokines responsible for the development of diabetes.
It also shows hypocholesterolemic effect, free radical scavenging property, and antioxidant property that aid in controlling diabetes.
Orally taken curcumin corrects the metabolic processes and promotes glycemic control in people suffering from obesity and prevents diabetes.
By preventing oxidative stress and inflammation it also plays role in preventing diabetic retinopathy. The anti-nociceptive activity of turmeric along with insulin reduces diabetic neuropathic pain.
It also fastens the wound healing process that normally gets impaired in diabetics.
Read more about turmeric benefits for diabetes here>

Arthritis

Arthritis means chronic pain and inflammation in joints.
Antiarthritic effect of turmeric inhibits inflammation and destruction of joints by preventing activation of NF-κB and other genes regulating inflammation including chemokines and cyclooxygenase 2.
It also inhibits migration of inflammatory cells from plasma to damaged joint tissues and joint levels of prostaglandins.
Efficacy of curcumin was compared with phenylbutazone (an anti-inflammatory drug) in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Curcumin could significantly improve swelling in joints, morning stiffness and walking time.
Anti-inflammatory action of curcumin has been studied in both acute and chronic animal models.
Active compound, curcumin was found to be equally potent as phenylbutazone (an anti-inflammatory drug) against paw edema (swelling due to fluid accumulation).
In acute model, curcumin was half as active in the chronic model. No toxic effect of curcumin was observed.
Meriva®, a curcumin-based drug exhibited therapeutic potential for management of osteoarthritis due to its long-term efficacy and safety when assessed on various inflammatory markers like interleukins and cell adhesion molecules.

Read: Turmeric Benefits for Arthritis
What it means
Chronic joint inflammation and pain make life miserable for arthritis patients. Curcumin has the potential to treat it by acting directly on NF-κB which is responsible for regulating all the inflammatory genes.

 

Autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system of the host organism attacks its own body as it recognizes own tissues as foreign.
Severe inflammation is common in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease etc.
Overproduction of cytokines and chemokines leads to inflammation of body tissues.
Such condition becomes worse when chemokines attract other destructive components of the immune system such as macrophages, neutrophils etc. and magnify the inflammatory response.
Recent studies have shown that curcumin administration inhibits the autoimmune diseases by targeting all inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signalling pathways leading to expression of inflammatory genes.

Read: Turmeric Benefits in Autoimmune Diseases 
What it means
Autoimmune disorders are deadly as a person’s immune system becomes self-degrading as a result of which severe inflammation is bound to happen.
In such disorders, curcumin targets all the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to prevent amplification of inflammatory reaction.

 

Cancer

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells due to an abnormality in their cell cycle. Some types of cancer arise from damaged tissues, inflammation and infection.
Inflammatory cells such as neutrophils help tumors to multiply and spread.
Tumors (a mass of abnormally growing cells) produce chemokines to attract neutrophils, nutrients and anchor systems towards themselves.
With the help of the support provided by cancer cells, tumors spread throughout the body and help propel the movement of neutrophils too.
Scientists have found a link between inflammation and cancer as anti-inflammatory medicines taken to treat inflammation showed prevention of certain kinds of cancer like colon and lung cancer.
Thus, curcumin’s anti-inflammatory property is anticipated to have chemopreventive activity too.
Anti-inflammatory action of curcumin involved in cancer treatment includes inactivation of NF-κB and COX-2 as COX-2 expression has been found in many types of cancers. Curcumin also causes inhibition of lipoxygenase pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism and scavenging of free radicals generated.
Curcumin also lowered expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1ß, interleukin 6, and TNF-α causing growth suppression of cancer cell lines.
It also down-regulated inflammatory enzymes such as protein kinase C that is involved in the proliferation of tumors.
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in inflammation and cancer.
Low dose curcumin inhibited NO synthesis by enzyme nitric oxide synthase(NOS). NOS activity was found to be lower in macrophages activated in presence of curcumin than that of macrophages activated in absence of curcumin.

Read: How Turmeric Benefits in Cancer
What it means
Cancer and inflammation are interrelated. Hence, curcumin’s anti-inflammatory property comes into action in cancer prevention by inactivating C0X-2 gene often expressed in tumors and suppressing all the inflammatory mediators.
It also prevents nitric oxide formation during development of cancer.

 

Gastrointestinal problems

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by inflammation in colon and small intestine. Various studies have shown curcumin to have a positive effect on patients with IBS due to its anti-inflammatory effect.
In many experimental models of IBD, curcumin administration has modulated elevated cytokine levels responsible for intestinal inflammation.
IBD carries a risk of cancer and causes a high rate of morbidity in adults and children.
Curcumin treatment of IBD children and adults effectively reduced activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK enzyme is activated by inflammatory cytokines) in the gut of children and adults, enhanced IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits synthesis of other human cytokines) and reduced IL-1β (cytokine involved in inflammation).
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are two types of inflammatory bowel diseases. UC affects the colon and rectum parts of large intestine resulting in inflammation of the outer lining of the intestine.
CD can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and inflammation occur in the entire wall of the tract.
Pretreatment with curcumin in UC induced mice led to suppression of activated NF-κB in colon mucosal lining and reduced levels of all inflammation indicators i.e. nitric oxide, free radicals, neutrophil migration into intestinal tissues. Improvement in symptoms was also observed.
A preliminary study was conducted in 10 IBD patients (five with UC and five with CD).
Curcumin treatment was used in patients of both the groups. In UC group, curcumin led to improvement in inflammatory indicators: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
In CD group, Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores decreased by almost half. It also led to the reduction in CRP and ESR in 4 out of 5 patients of CD.
ESR is usually increased in inflammation condition. CRP test is used to detect C-reactive protein in your blood that measures the general level of inflammation in the body.
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a genetic disease marked by the formation of abnormal growth of tissues in colon.
In a clinical study, a decline in the number and size of polyps was found in the FAP patients receiving curcumin treatment.
Curcumin gave the similar level of output as received during treatment with NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).
What it means
Inflammation in the intestine is the main cause of many inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders such as Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, Familial adenomatous polyposis etc.
Curcumin has the potential to reduce the high cytokine level in the gastrointestinal tract and behave as efficient as NSAIDs in the inflammation treatment.

 

Asthma

Asthma is an allergic reaction that causes difficulty in breathing. It involves inflammation of the air passage caused by the action of inflammatory molecules such as histamine, leukotrienes, and various other cytokines.
These molecules make lungs extra responsive to different forms of stimulus, stimulate the production of mucus which obstructs airway to make breathing harder and changes the lining of the blood vessels in the air passage.
Usually, anti-inflammatory drugs are taken to inhibit leukotrienes production.
The effectiveness of curcumin was studied in animal models of asthma. Curcumin significantly reduced the allergic reaction.
Curcumin displays anti-allergic properties by inhibiting release of histamines (inflammatory mediator) from mast cells (immune cells playing role in allergy).

Read: How Turmeric Can Help in Asthma
What it means
Histamines and leukotrienes play role in allergic reactions like asthma where the allergen stimulates mast cells to release histamines and leukotrienes as an immune response against hypersensitivity.
Turmeric exhibits its anti-allergic action by hindering the release of these inflammatory mediators during times of allergy.

 

Inflammatory eye diseases

Anterior uveitis is characterized by inflammation of the uveal tract (one of the layers of the eye) which if remains untreated can cause blurred vision and even blindness.
In a study, anterior uveitis patients received curcumin and showed 100 percent improvement in visual flair (ability to distinguish between shapes and details of objects) and aqueous flare (breakdown of eye and blood barrier).
Curcumin has also been used for idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumors (IOIP). IOIP is marked by the formation of a hard, non-cancerous lump of cells in the eye and inflammation of the moist inner surface of eyelids.
Curcumin treatment led to complete recovery from the disease in 4 out of 8 patients, one did not show the symptoms of the disorder and remaining continued to have restricted eye movements.
What it means
Curcumin do not directly heal the eye problems but act against inflammation which is one of the causes behind such eye disorders.
Curcumin treatment in patients suffering from such problems has resulted in complete visual improvement.

 

Kidney transplantation

Transplant rejection is quite common as the host body treats the transplant as a foreign substance and generates an immune response against it.
In a study, reduced transplant rejection was observed in all the kidney recipients who had taken curcumin for a month.
Transplant rejection occurs when antibodies of the host binds to the antigens on the graft and activates immune system.
As inflammation takes place as an immune response of the body, it prevents blood supply to the graft and graft is damaged due to lack of oxygen in it.
Delayed transplant rejection was completely prevented in a study where kidney transplant patients received a combination of curcumin and quercetin.
Since the amount of quercetin compound was very little in the combination, delayed rejection was attributed to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant function of curcumin only.
Curcumin could successfully induce improved early function of the transplanted kidneys by inhibiting NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines and removing all the reactive oxygen species responsible for tissue damage.

Read: Turmeric Benefits for Kidney
What it means
Transplant is often rejected by the host’s immune system when it treats the transplant as a foreign object and damages it.
Curcumin prevents the damage of transplant by suppressing NF-κB that controls expression of all inflammatory genes and eliminating free radicals produced in the body that creates oxygen-deficient environment for transplanted organ.

Turmeric Dosage

Turmeric is very safe when used as a spice.
To know more details on how much turmeric you can use in a day check this detailed article on dosage. If you are wondering how to include turmeric in your diet here is my list of two awesome ways:
Also, there so several other recipes under recipe section of the website.
If you are looking for turmeric / curcumin supplements, please check our detailed article on Types of Curcumin Supplements and Best Brands>

In the end.

Turmeric is one of the best natural anti-inflammatory agents. This is proven by research. It not only helps with inflammation but has no side effects as compared to drugs used to treat inflammation as pain in disorders such as arthritis.
If you have tried turmeric for inflammation, please do share your feedback through comments.

https://www.turmericforhealth.com/turmeric-cures/turmeric-for-inflammation-a-powerful-natural-remedy




About the Author

Shruti (BE Biotech. & PGD Clinical Research)
Turmeric for Health's writer team consists of passionate writers from the fields of biotechnology, pharmacy, nutrition, Ayurveda & microbiology.Our writers are highly qualified with many having Ph.D., M.Tech & MSc degrees while others having B.Tech, BSc, B.Pharm. Our differentiation lies in researching and presenting ONLY FACTUAL SCIENTIFIC information. We spend 10s of hours to write a single article. Info of our articles is sourced from reliable scientific sources which are also provided as a link alongside for readers to refer if they want. You can read more about our team in the " About us" section.

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