graviolateam finland: 2014

keskiviikko 31. joulukuuta 2014

Glukuronidaatio on prosessi, joka muuttaa aineita vesiliukoisemmiksi

Sen seurauksena ne ovat helpommin poistettavissa elimistöstä virtsan mukana. Kun glukuronidaatiota estetään, joidenkin aineiden biosaatavuus näyttää paranevan. Biosaatavuudella tarkoitetaan ravintoaineiden imeytyvyyttä elimistössä.

CALSIUM D -GLUKARAATTI

Glukuronidaatio on kapasiteetiltaan suurin ihmisen vierasaineiden metaboliaan keskittynyt aineenvaihduntareitti

Siinä toksiset (myrkylliset) yhdisteet sidotaan maksassa glukuronihappoon, jotta ne voidaan poistaa kehosta turvallisesti. Betaglukuronidaasi on yksi prosessiin osallistuvista entsyymeistä. Sitä esiintyy luontaisesti useissa kudoksissa ja soluissa.
Kalsium-d-glukaraatti on glukaarihapon patentoitu muoto, jonka vaikutus kohdistuu betaglukuronidaasin entsyymaattiseen aktiivisuuteen. 3 kpl USA Patenttia.

Vierasainemetabolia

Yleisfarmakologiaa ja –toksikologiaa

Yleistä

Lähes kaikissa elävissä organismeissa on kehittynyt kyky päästä eroon niille vieraista aineista. Ihminen on jatkuvasti altistunut lukemattomille vieraille aineille, kuten kasvien syntetisoimille aineille, ravinnon lisäaineille, saasteille, nautintoaineille ja lääkkeille. Nämä elimistölle vieraat aineet saatetaan erityskelpoiseen muotoon muuttamalla niiden rakennetta metabolian avulla. Koska elimistö ei tee eroa siinä, ovatko siihen tulevat vieraat aineet esimerkiksi saasteita vai lääkkeitä, käytetään yleistermiä vierasainemetabolia eli biotransformaatio.

Lääkeainemetabolia on osa yleistä vierasainemetaboliaa
Useimpien lääkeaineiden vaikutus elimistössä päättyy metabolian ja munuaisten kautta tapahtuvan erittymisen avulla. Metabolian päätehtävä on muuttaa elimistöön tullut vieras aine erityskelpoiseen muotoon. Tämä tapahtuu useiden erilaisten entsymaattisten reaktioiden kautta, joissa lääkeaine muutetaan vesiliukoisemmaksi.

Vierasainemetabolian tärkeyttä kuvaa hyvin kemikaalien käyttäytyminen elimistössä. Pystyäkseen imeytymään elimistön kalvojen läpi aineen tulee olla lipidiliukoinen. Verenkiertoon imeytynyt aine suodattuu munuaisten glomeruluksiin ja tubuluksiin. Tubuluksista lipidiliukoinen aine imeytyy seinämän läpi takaisin verenkiertoon. Jos elimistössä ei olisi mekanismia, joka muuttaa aineen vesiliukoiseksi, se ei erittyisi vaan lipidiliukoinen aine jäisi elimistöön ja kumuloituisi kudoksiin.Esimerkiksi hyvin lipidiliukoisen ja lyhytvaikutteisen barbituraatin, tiopentaalin, erittyminen pois elimistöstä kestäisi sadan vuoden ajan, ellei se metaboloituisi esiliukoisemmaksi.

Vierasainemetabolian tapahtumapaikat

Tärkein vierasaineita metaboloiva elin on maksa, koska metaboloivien entsyymien pitoisuudet ovat siellä suurimmat. Muita metaboloivia elimiä ovat keuhkot, iho ja munuainen.
Suolistossa tapahtuu varsin paljon vierasainemetaboliaa, ja siihen osallistuvat sekä suolen seinämä että suoliston bakteerit. Yhteistä näille elimille on se, että vierasaineet tulevat niiden kautta elimistöön. Lisäksi vierasaine -metaboliaa tapahtuu aivoissa, istukassa sekä monissa endokriinisissä kudoksissa.

Solun sisällä vierasaineiden metabolia tapahtuu pääasiassa endoplasmiseen kalvostoon kiinnittyneiden entsyymien avulla. Kun solu ja sen organellit rikotaan, voidaan sentrifugoimalla erottaa ns. mikrosomaalinen fraktio, joka sisältää pääasiassa solukalvoston osia.

Mikrosomeista voidaan mitata suuria pitoisuuksia vierasaineita hapettavia entsyymejä. Metaboloivia entsyymejä on myös vapaana solulimassa.

Metaboliareitit

Vierasaineita metaboloivat entsyymit jaotellaan kahteen pääryhmään, I vaiheen ja II vaiheen entsyymeihin. I vaiheen entsyymit katalysoivat funktionaalisen ryhmän, esimerkiksi hydroksyyliryhmän, muodostumisen vierasaineeseen. II vaiheen entsyymit puolestaan

konjugoivat vierasaineen johonkin toiseen molekyyliin, kuten glutationiin tai glukuronidiin. Taulukossa 5-1 on lueteltu tärkeimpiä I ja II vaiheen reaktioita. Useimmiten I vaiheen entsyymit muodostavat ensin vierasaineeseen funktionaalisen ryhmän, johon II vaiheen entsyymit liittävät vesiliukoisen molekyylin. Joskus vierasaine konjugoituu suoraan ilman I vaiheen metaboliaa (kuva 5-1).

Metabolialla voi olla neljänlaisia seurauksia:

1) Aktiivisesta lääkeaineesta syntyy inaktiivinen metaboliitti.

Metaboliitti on vesiliukoisempi kuin kanta-aine, ja siksi se erittyy pois elimistöstä munuaisten, sapen tai keuhkojen kautta. Tämä on yleisin metabolian kulku, ja näin tapahtuu useimpien lääkeaineiden metaboloituessa.

2) Aktiivisesta lääkeaineesta syntyy aktiivinen metaboliitti. Myös tätä tapahtuu usein. Esimerkiksi analgeeteista asetyylisalisyylihappo muuttuu salisyylihapoksi ja fenasetiini parasetamoliksi. Joskus metaboliitin ominaisuudet poikkeavat kanta-aineesta. Esimerkiksi fenyylibutatsonin metaboliitti oksifenbutatsoni on voimakkaampi tulehduksen estäjä kuin fenyylibutatsoni ja sen puoliintumisaika on pitempi. Toisinaan lääkeaine metaboloituu sekä aktiivisiksi että inaktiivisiksi yhdisteiksi.

3) Inaktiivisesta lääkeaineesta syntyy aktiivinen metaboliitti. Tästä on esimerkkinä syöpälääke syklofosfamidi, jonka täytyy aktivoitua useaksi alkyloivaksi metaboliitiksi estääkseen solunjakautumista. Myös a1-reseptorin antagonisti fenoksibentsamiini on itse tehoton ja aktivoituu metaboloitumalla.

4) Aktiivisesta tai inaktiivisesta lääkeaineesta syntyy toksinen metaboliitti.
Parasetamolin liika-annon yhteydessä voi syntyä maksassa N-hydroksiparasetamolia, joka edelleen muuttuu reaktiiviseksi, maksasoluja tuhoavaksi yhdisteeksi.

Tunnetaan myös lukuisia metabolisesti aktivoituvia vierasaineita, jotka eivät ole käytössä lääkkeinä.

Esimerkiksi suuri osa syöpää aiheuttavista aineista (kemiallisista karsinogeeneista) muuttuu vasta elimistöön päästyään varsinaiseen syöpää aiheuttavaan muotoon metabolisen aktivaation kautta.

Kuva 5-1. Vierasainemetabolian kaksi päävaihetta.

Useimmiten I vaiheen entsyymit muodostavat vierasaineeseen funktionaalisen ryhmän, johon II vaiheen konjugoivat entsyymit liittävät jonkin endogeenisen molekyylin, esimerkiksi glukuronidin.
Toisinaan vierasaine konjugoituu suoraan.

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http://www.medicina.fi/fato/05.pdf

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http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukuronidaatio
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11465080
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11593076

Detoxifying the Body

In Lessons from the Miracle Doctors, I cover the liver in some detail, describing how it detoxifies the body. The main process that it uses for doing this is called conjugation - - literally combining toxins with other substances to neutralize them or prepare them for elimination.

This can be the combining of proteins with vitamin isolates (as found in most supplements) to detoxify them and make them usable by the cells of the body.
The combining of glutathione with harmful substances such as nicotine to neutralize their toxic effect.
The combining of glucoronic acid with carcinogens such as synthetic estrogens in a process called glucuronidation (the main focus of this newsletter) whereby toxins are literally "washed" from the body.

Glucuronidation

Glucuronidation enables the body to rid itself of foreign elements including xenoestrogens, pollutants, toxins, and carcinogens. Glucuronidation is literally a process in which glucuronic acid is conjugated (joined) to various toxins in the liver so that they can be excreted through the bile or urine. It represents one of the major pathways for the body to rid itself of foreign substances and is responsible for removing a number of highly toxic chemicals from our system, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, steroid hormones, nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, aromatic amines, and fungal toxins. It also removes "used" hormones and synthetic hormones from the body. Glucuronidation, then, represents a major means of converting most drugs, steroids, and many toxic and "environmental" substances to metabolites that can be excreted into the urine or bile. The bottom line is that glucuronidation is one of the main ways the body purges itself of carcinogenic substances.

In times past, glucuronidation was sufficient to protect us from cancer. Two things have changed in the last hundred years that contribute significantly to the increase in the incidence of cancer we now see.

We are exposed to far more carcinogens in our food supply, water, and air than ever before. (For example, there are over 2,000 known carcinogens just in the average drinking water in the United States today.)
Thanks to changes in diet and the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and our food supply, the levels of the enzyme called beta-glucuronidase are much much higher in our bodies than ever before.

Beta-glucuronidase is an enzyme produced by E. Coli bacteria in the gut. Glucuronidase literally breaks the bond between the toxic compounds the body is trying to eliminate and the glucuronic acid that is responsible for eliminating them. When beta-glucuronidase breaks the bond, the hormone or toxin is once again released into the body instead of being excreted. Elevated glucuronidase activity is associated with an increased risk for various cancers, particularly hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and colon cancers.

Can we reduce our exposure to beta glucuronidase? Absolutely.

Taking probiotic supplements can dramatically ...

Calcium D-Glucarate

And there is another way. Calcium D-Glucarate (a calcium salt found in foods such as apples, grapefruit, broccoli,
Brussels sprouts, cabbage, lettuce, and alfalfa) suppresses beta-glucuronidase and restores the glucuronidation detoxification pathway. The beauty of Calcium D-Glucarate is that not only does it neutralize the effects of beta-glucuronidase, but it actually strengthens the bond between glucuronic acid and the cancer-causing toxins that are being flushed from the body.

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//The Baseline of Health Foundation

Summary (All Essential Benefits/Effects/Facts & Information)

For the most part, Calcium-D-Glucarate is just known to be a β-glucuronidase inhibitor via its metabolite D-glucaro-1,4-lactone. The process of 'glucuronidation' is a detoxification process where a group (known as a glucuronide) is attached to a hydrophobic molecule to make it more water soluble, and then the kidneys can better facilitate its removal from the body. This process is positively mediated by the glucuronosyltransferase enzyme, and negatively mediated by the β-glucuronidaseenzyme; as such, inhibiting the negative regulator (the enzyme that removes the glucuronide) indirectly increases the activity of this pathway.

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User Reviews & Ratings - CALCIUM D-GLUCARATE

CALCIUM D-GLUCARATE Information

Calcium D-glucarate is a chemical. It is similar to a naturally occurring chemical called glucaric acid. Glucaric acid is found in our bodies as well as in fruits and vegetables such as oranges, apples, brussels sprouts, broccoli, and cabbage. Calcium D-glucarate is made by combining glucaric acid with calcium to make supplements that people use for medicine.

Calcium D-glucarate is used for preventing breast, prostate, and colon cancer; and for removing cancer-causing agents, toxins, and steroid hormones from the body.

How does it work?

Calcium D-glucarate might lower estrogen levels, and this is thought to be helpful in treating some people with hormone-dependent cancers. There isn't enough evidence to support the use of calcium D-glucarate for preventing cancer in humans.

Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of CALCIUM D-GLUCARATE.

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Calcium D-Glucarate, 60 Tablets

€ 28,90 sis. ALV 14%

What is the Candida Yeast Diet?

The Yeast Diet (also known as the Candida Diet), is a natural cleansing diet that combines dietary restrictions with anti-fungal supplements in an effort to reduce or eliminate the painful symptoms associated with yeast overgrowth.

Since Candida Albicans is one of the most common forms of yeast associated with a variety of yeast issues, many people refer to the diet as the anti-Candida Diet or simply, a yeast free diet.

In general, this diet plan prohibits use of foods that encourage yeast growth including sugar, yeast, dairy, fruit, fermented and processed foods.

Anti-fungal supplements are usually taken to flush out the excess yeast and pro-biotics are often used to re-populate the body with friendly bacteria and to help keep the body's naturally occurring yeast in balance.

Time frames for being on a yeast free cleanse can vary by individual from a minimum of three weeks to a permanent diet change depending on the severity of the condition.

Periodically purging toxic levels of yeast from the body with a detoxifying yeast cleanse is a great way to support and maintain a natural healthy balance in the organs and body systems.

What are the Effects of a Candida Imbalance?

Candida overgrowth is bad because it signals an imbalance of the friendly bacteria the body uses to hold the naturally occurring yeast in check. Many things including, antibiotics, birth control pills and chemotherapy can actually kill off the healthy flora of helpful bacteria that keep the yeast under control.

Yeast overgrowth has been known to cause many symptoms including recurring yeast infections, digestive problems, gas and bloating, headaches, fatigue, frequent illness, depression, mood swings and even joint pain. Severe forms of Candida infection are often referred to as Candidiasis.

How Do I Know if I Have a Problem?

Taking a Candida Test is one of the easiest ways to determine if your symptoms could be yeast related. By combining the most common causes and typical symptoms associated with yeast overgrowth, the test will give you a score of the likelihood that your symptoms are yeast related. Take the free online Candida Test here.

If you have ever taken antibiotics, birth control pills or undergone chemotherapy you may have some level of Candida overgrowth. You can also develop a yeast issue from over eating processed and refined foods or even acquire it from exposure to others with a yeast imbalance.

How Do I Rid Myself of Excessive Yeast?

Starting a Candida cleanse is a great way to naturally eliminate excess yeast from the body.

If you are ready to get started, the The Yeast Diet Cookbook & Meal Planning Guide is the resource we recommend for delicious recipes and successful meal planning tips for making the most of the yeast free diet.

It contains 250 yeast free recipes, a list of foods to avoid and several helpful tips and tools for yeast free eating - including a meal planning guide.

It is always a good idea to consult a licensed medical practitioner regarding your specific situation before undergoing any new diet or supplement regimen.

Visit the Resources page for more tools and tips including the meal plan, free recipes, the online Candida Test, our newsletter, blog, and yeast free cookbooks. You can also find us on our community Facebook page for questions and feedback or to connect with others who are struggling with yeast related issues.

Yeast Free Foods List

The Yeast Diet (also known as the Candida Diet) has been used for years by naturalists as a way to detox the body of overstocks of yeast that can come from certain medications, processed foods or from exposure to others with yeast overgrowth.

The food we eat plays a major role in our body's delicate balance between maintaining healthy levels of Candida yeast and prevention of harmful yeast overgrowth.

Eating plenty of yeast free foods in conjunction with a good anti-fungal supplement is vital to the success of a yeast diet cleanse. Below is a general Candida Diet food list to use as a guideline for yeast free eating.

Candida Diet Food List - What You Need To Know

Individuals with specific sensitivities or those with chronic conditions may need to avoid a larger range of yeast free foods in order to see results. Substitutions can be used effectively to avoid items based on your own individual sensitivities (substitute cauliflower or broccoli for potatoes etc.).

For recipes specifically designed to follow the rules of the yeast free Candida Diet visit the yeast free recipes page.

Foods To Avoid

The food items listed below are the most common food avoidances for the general Candida Diet.

1) Sweeteners - in all forms (white and brown sugar, honey, maple syrup, barley malt, stevia, dextrose, sucrose, fructose, corn syrup, rice syrup Sweet ‘n’ Low, etc.)

2) Fruit (due to high natural sugar content) - includes whole and dried fruit, fruit juices and concentrates.

3) Yeast - in any form.

4) Vinegar and Vinegar Products (mayonnaise, mustard, salsa, dressings, etc.).

5) All Dairy - including milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, powdered milk, milk solids, milk protein, butter, lactic acid, lactose, casein, etc. (Eggs are not dairy).

6) Alcohol - in any form (including extracts and wine).

7) Fermented Products - such as miso, soy sauce, tempeh, sauerkraut and pickles.

8) Mushrooms - these are a fungi and should be avoided.

9) Hydrogenated or Partially Hydrogenated Oils - including margarine and shortening.

10) Spicy Seasonings - to be used sparingly (chili, cumin, curry, cinnamon, pepper, etc).

11) Peanuts and Pistachios - these are subject to mold growth and should be avoided on the Candida Diet.

Yeast Free Foods To Eat

There is a great variety of healthy, yeast free foods that do meet the Candida Diet criteria and these are listed below:

1) *Vegetables - especially dark green leafy ones.

2) Hormone Free Meat (whenever possible).

3) Seeds and Nuts - including nut butters like sun butter or almond butter. (Excludes peanuts and pistachios).

4) *Whole Grains - like brown rice, barley, millet, and buckwheat.

5) Eggs.

6) Herbs - garlic (acts as an anti-fungal agent), basil, thyme, oregano, parsley, etc.

7) Olive Oil (Light olive oil is recommended because it is better for use at high cooking temperatures).

8) Almond Milk - unsweetened.

* Starchy vegetables such as potatoes, corn, beans, etc. should be used in moderation (3-4 times per week) as part of a balanced diet.

* Grains including wheat will need to be avoided if you have a gluten sensitivity. Find my gluten free bread recipe and flour mixture and use it for substitutions as needed.

Still need some support? We have a Facebook page setup to share information, recipes and answer questions related to yeast free foods and yeast free living. Join thousands of others who share ideas and advice related to their own personal experiences and Candida Diet success stories by visiting our Facebook group!

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8 Ways To Detox Your Body

by Lily Aronin | October 13, 2013

Fall is the perfect season for a detox. When the season changes from summer to fall our body transitions from a faster metabolism to a slower one in order to save energy to get though the long winter. A fall detox is special because you want to cleanse the toxins that slow down your body and make it vulnerable to sickness while speeding up your metabolism for the winter months to avoid any winter weight gain. There are 8 simple ways to detox for fall, and you can repeat this detox at any point during the winter months to boost immunity and metabolism.

Greens: Eating greens like kale, broccoli, cabbage and cucumbers is like absorbing sunshine; it keeps your body happy all winter long when sunshine is scarce. Eating green also helps to regulate your body’s systems, removes toxins from the body, and boots immunity.

Sweet vegetables: Pumpkin, sweet potatoes, carrots and beets are all great choices for a fall detox. These seasonal vegetables cut the cravings for chocolate and sweets that we feel in the winter. Add them to your menu to avoid cravings altogether! The beta-carotene and vitamin A also boost immunity and protect your skin and eyes from damage.

Whole Grains: To really kick your detox into high gear, stick to grains in their whole form and avoid all flours and foods that are separated, like wheat germ or bran. When you eat grains in their whole form like barley, oats, wheat berries, quinoa, or millet, they work like sponges in the body. The soluble fiber absorbs cholesterol and the releasing toxins to remove them from the body.

Water: The winter is very drying on the skin, which is our biggest organ. To protect your skin and to wash out all of the releasing toxins, it is vital to drink 2-3 liters of water a day. This includes decaffeinated, unsweetened teas or flavored water without sugar.

Movement: Sweat is the best way to warm up the body to increase metabolism as well as excrete all the junk you are detoxing. 30-60 minutes of sweat-inducing exercise is best. This can be a killer Pilates class or a heart busting cardio routine. Mix it up and have fun! As long as you are sweating, you are detoxifying your body. In the winter, begin your yoga or Pilates routine in sweat pants and a sweater until your body warms up, then strip off the layers while you complete the workout.

Sugar: Avoid sugar and artificial sweeteners while detoxing. These are one of the greatest forms of toxins you are exposed to every day. Stick to 2 tablespoons total of agave nectar or Stevia during your detox.

Dairy: When the weather cools down, reduce your dairy intake to one cup a day at most to avoid excess mucus, and try to buy organic when possible to avoid the antibiotics. During the detox, avoid dairy and use almond milk instead.

Oils: Stick to olive oil during the detox to lubricate your body. The Omega-3 fat enhances your body’s fat burning abilities.

The most important element of a detox is consistency. Make your own schedule from a 24-hour detox to a full 7-day detox. You decide how long you need and you control how successful you will be. For a jumpstart to your detox, try our mouth-watering Skinny Detox Soup! It is a favorite here at Skinny Mom!

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