- Is the COVID vaccine excreting pathogens? Is this more than viral shedding? It is transmitting disease in some way? What is going on here?
- COVID Vaxxed Women Greatly and Negatively Affecting Menstrual Cycles of Unvaccinated Women.
- Unvaccinated Women Report Miscarriages After Interactions with Vaccinated People which show that this is becoming a widespread phenomenon.
- Others report their pet died when touched by someone who got the COVID jab.
- The COVID Vaccine Infertility-Sterilization-Depopulation Connection.
- Nurse Warns - Stay Away From Vaxxed People! - Video.
- Pfizer Vaccine Confirmed To Result In Neurodegenerative Diseases.
- Pfizer COVID-19 RNA Based Vaccines and the Risk of Prion Disease.
- Syncytin-1, Prions.
Bizarre Phenomenon: Unvaccinated Getting Sick Being Around The COVID Vaxxed
THE STORY: Numerous reports are coming in with an unmistakeable theme: unvaccinated people are contracting various ill effects, some quite serious, just by being around those who are COVID vaxxed.
THE IMPLICATIONS: Is the COVID vaccine (which is not a vaccine) having mysterious effects beyond the person directly receiving it? If so, how? Was it designed to be like this?
In a bizarre turn of events, the COVID vaxxed are apparently causing ill effects to the unvaccinated around them, as countless reports and anecdotes affirm. The more time goes by, the more horrible effects of the COVID “vaccine” (which is not a vaccine but a medical device and experimental gene therapy) come to light.
If you thought you’d be safe just by avoiding being COVID vaxxed, think again! These reports reveal that the unvaccinated are getting sick or suffering some kind of ill effect just by being in the vicinity of the COVID vaccinated. Women are feeling it most, especially in the reproductive realm. They are coming down with irregular and heavy menstruation, bleeding while pregnant and suffering miscarriages.
Other non-vaccinated people are getting migraines, random bruising and sudden nosebleeds just being around those who got the COVID shot. Others report their pet died when touched by someone who got the COVID jab.
Is the COVID vaccine excreting pathogens? Is this more than viral shedding? It is transmitting disease in some way? What is going on here?
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COVID Vaxxed Women Greatly and Negatively Affecting Menstrual Cycles of Unvaccinated Women
It is well known that, when women live together or spend time in close proximity, their menstrual cycles naturally synchronize. While that is a natural phenomenon, what has been happening recently is decidedly unnatural. Chloe Angeline (“Self-Healing Mama”), who works as a holistic reproductive practitioner and doula, and is in touch with fertility and pregnancy communities, put out this video last week warning people, especially women, to be careful of other women who have been COVID vaxxed. Unvaccinated women have been suffering intense and negative period pain just by being around COVID vaxxed women. She suggests that the COVID vaccine is directly related to infertility and sterilization.
Here is what she said:
“Women, in their menstruating years and not, are experiencing severe side effects from people around them having received this jab. We’re not quite sure what’s happening here; it’s happening too quick for us to really know … we’re having women miss their periods, we’re having women have the most excruciating periods of their life to the point where they are bleeding so profusely that it is completely out of character. Women who are in menopause have gotten their period back … in this community, something that is well known is that if a women bleeds, and she is postmenopausal, that it is cancer.”
“This is about standing up for the health of humanity … something is happening behind the scenes and they are coming after women’s health … it is significantly dropping men’s sperm counts … they are trying to sterilize us … we’ve seen miscarriage go up by almost 400%.”
There is also this video (embedded below) from a nurse who got reports that COVID vaxxed people have inadvertently killed people’s pets just by touching them. She has collected a lot of info at her website. She says:
“A lot of people want to call it shedding, but when people think of shedding, they are thinking … of the weakened viral [vaxxes] but that’s not what this is. This is gene therapy that is causing your body to make these spike proteins, this is mRNA gene therapy, this is … human experimentation, this is not anything that’s been done before. It is in fact altering the human makeup of the body … that process starts in the human body and doesn’t stop. It’s coming out in their breath, it’s coming out through their pores, so spike proteins … this is what is causing reproductive problems in people, this is what is causing sterilization of people.
Women … and men … who have come into contact with people who have had this [vax] … have suddenly become covered in strange bruises … women as young as 10 years old starting their periods early, 11 year olds getting 2 periods in a month, people getting severe migraines … people having clots the size of their fists, people that were in menopause for years suddenly having severe periods … men [whose spouse had the vaccine] go to bed and wake up covered in bruises.
There’s a risk of people having stillborn or damaged fetuses if they’re around people who have had this [COVID vax] because it can affect and cause miscarriages … There’s no way of knowing if the human body will ever shut off this mechanism of producing the spike proteins, so the people that get the [vax] may produce them forever …”
It certainly is a bizarre phenomenon. These 2 women are not the only ones warning about it; there have also been articles such as this one entitled Unvaccinated Women Report Miscarriages After Interactions with Vaccinated People which show that this is becoming a widespread phenomenon.
In a recent roundtable discussion, 5 well-known doctors who have been outspoken in exposing the COVID scamdemic (Dr. Sherri Tenpenny, Dr. Larry Pavlovksy, Dr. Carrie Madej, Dr. Christiane Northrup and Dr. Lee Merritt) analyzed this phenomenon; however, there are still more questions than answers. Dr. Tenpenny stated that she believes what is happening is some kind of transmission not shedding. Dr. Pavlovksy reminded us that COVID is the clinical presentation “of the poisoning of the blood” as can be seen by blood clotting and low blood oxygen levels, not a typical viral infection.
The COVID Vaccine Infertility-Sterilization-Depopulation Connection
Many doctors are pulling no punches and loudly calling a spade a spade. German microbiologist Dr. Sucharit Bhakdi, who has debunked the official COVID narrative, recently alluded to the role of the COVID scamdemic in the depopulation agenda when he said that “COVID “vaccines” are set to cause a global catastrophe and a decimation of the human population.” Dr. Michael Yeadon, a former chief scientific officer and vice president at Pfizer, was also bold when he said that “if someone wished to harm or kill a significant proportion of the world’s population over the next few years, the systems being put in place right now will enable it. It’s my considered view that it is entirely possible that this [COVID vaccine] will be used for massive-scale depopulation.” Yeadon has launched a petition in Europe along with Wolfgang Wodarg which requests a stay order to suspend all clinical trials involving COVID/SARS-CoV-2 until a study design is produced which addresses the significant safety concerns raised.
One of the issues revolves around the protein syncytin-1, an essential prerequisite for a successful pregnancy. As I have documented, there is no SARS-CoV-2, so therefore there is no “spike protein”; however, putting that aside for a moment, there is a striking similarity between human syncytins and the alleged SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (even if it is a digital or theoretical model).
The significance of this is that antibodies against the alleged SARS-CoV-2 spike protein also act like anti-syncytin antibodies. Therefore, if you get the COVID “vaccine” that induces you into making these antibodies, they could attack and destroy your body’s natural syncytin. For pregnant women, this would prevent the formation of a placenta, thus rending vaccinated women infertile.
What Exactly Are the COVID Vaxxed Being Programmed to Do or Become?
We are in the middle of a giant human experiment. No one knows exactly how this is going to turn out. Keep these quotes in mind from the top brass at Moderna:
“mRNA is like software. You can just turn the crank and get a lot of products going into development.”
“So if you could change that … if you could introduce a line of code, or change a line of code, it turns out, that has profound implications for everything, from the flu to cancer … We are actually hacking the software of life.”
What exactly are the COVID vaxxed being programmed to do or become?
Some believe the New World Order (NWO) only wants to kill people and bring down the population of “useless eaters” up to a certain point. After that point (which I assume would be a certain ratio where they calculate they can easily squash any would-be future rebellion), they are more interested in having people around under their control than dead (remember Brzezinski talking about killing vs controlling?); in other words, they want human slaves. This will not be the old-fashioned idea of slavery (people in ball and chain carrying logs and doing hard labor). The slaves of the future will be technological slaves, programmed to love their servitude as Aldous Huxley predicted. If the NWO manipulators get their way, these technological slaves will be barely human, having had their genetics continuously modified to serve the ruling elite.
Final Thoughts
Women bleeding uncontrollably.
10-year-old girls who have never had a period suddenly getting their first period. Menopausal women suddenly bleeding again. This COVID not-vaccine is clearly targeting and wreaking havoc with our reproductive systems. Since this phenomenon is so new, all we can do at this stage is gather data and ask questions. Who knows the exact mechanism by which the COVID vaxxed are causing unvaccinated people to suffer these strange effects?
In closing, I will say that I would not be surprised if it turns out that the COVID not-vaccine, by virtue of re-wiring people’s genetic code, is also affecting their physical and energetic fields. Since we live in a holographic universe, this alteration or disruption in the field may be affecting people close by via resonance or frequency, firstly at an invisible level, which later manifests in a disruption on a denser visible level.
https://www.naturalblaze.com/2021/04/bizarre-phenomenon-unvaccinated-getting-sick-being-around-the-covid-vaxxed.html
Makia Freeman is the editor of alternative media / independent news site The Freedom Articles, author of the book Cancer: The Lies, the Truth and the Solutions and senior researcher at ToolsForFreedom.com. Makia is on Steemit and LBRY.
Sources:
*https://thefreedomarticles.com/not-a-vaccine-mrna-covid-vaccine-chemical-pathogen-device/
*https://www.bitchute.com/video/FUjGlekiK12N/
*https://rumble.com/vfwv7z-nurse-warns-stay-away-from-vaxxed-people.html
*http://www.truthunmasked.org/p/stay-away.html
*https://rumble.com/vfyvcn-critically-thinking-with-dr.-t-and-dr.-p-episode-44.html
*https://thefreedomarticles.com/doctor-reveals-corona-effect-blood-coagulation/
*https://thefreedomarticles.com/no-virus-isolation-sars-variants-rest-on-big-assumption/
*https://thefreedomarticles.com/10-reasons-sars-cov-2-imaginary-digital-theoretical-virus/
*https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/10/moderna-trouble-mrna/
*https://thefreedomarticles.com/brzezinski-easier-to-kill-than-control/
Source: The Freedom Articles
Image: The Last American Vagabond
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Nurse Warns - Stay Away From Vaxxed People!
https://rumble.com/embed/vdap1v/?pub=4
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DEPOPULATION AGENDA IN FULL SWING WARNING DO NOT COME NEAR VAXXED PEOPLE
https://www.bitchute.com/video/ivXWTuAmROnb/
DAWSON & MAHONEY DISCUSS THE VACCINATED DEATH SPREADERS!:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/72ByzCgzi4tE/
Unvaxxed women are having miscarriages around vaxxed people:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/ahIg2VtFS9DC/
IN THE VIDEO BELOW SHOW JUAN O SAVIN TALKS ABOUT HOW SHEDDING (OF HUMAN SKIN A NATURAL OCURRANCE) is causing people who are not vaxed to get infected...
They think it's shedding but in reality this is what the plan always was and why they didn't need to vax everyone...but it's the NANO WITH PIONS....
ACCORDING TO A SECRET SOURCE the prions found in the VACCINES are engineered to attach to NANO (also in the vax) and JUMP FROM PERSON TO PERSON...AS OF 5 YEARS AGO….(this is from a top scientist unnamed) AND the VAX contains covid19 which contains Nano AI... THIS IS A TRANSHUMAN AGENDA - Kerry Cassidy, Project Camelot
Also see my interviews with Cyrus Parsa for more on how Nano AI is contained in the bioweapon
AND the so-called vaccines are NOT Vaccines they are gene therapy intended to mutate your DNA. They are not really "trying" to kill masses but they are happy to have masses die as COLLATERAL DAMAGE...in order to jump to humanity 3.0 --- a race of CYBORGS AND ANDROIDS....they know certain bloodlines and certain Genetics can handle this type of transition better than others... THIS IS THE REAL AGENDA AND FOCUS....the nano in chemtrails for the last 20 years has been preparing your bodies for this next step!
Doctor Explains Why You Should Keep Away From Vaccinated Sheeps:
https://rumble.com/vg2s47-doctor-explains-why-you-should-keep-away-from-vaccinated-sheeps.html
_
https://rumble.com/vfwv7z-nurse-warns-stay-away-from-vaxxed-people.html
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Disturbing Report: Pfizer Vaccine Confirmed To Result In Neurodegenerative Diseases
(TeaParty.org Exclusive) – One of the biggest concerns with vaccines in general but especially the untested, unproven, experimental COVID-19 vaccines are the long-term health effects that could develop in the test subjects who receive them.
When deciding whether or not to get the vaccines it’s important to remember that they were released onto the American people using an emergency order. That allowed for the vaccines to become available to the general public before long-term safety testing could be performed.
In a disturbing new report regarding the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines, it has been determined that these vaccines can cause serious long-term health implications that had not been previously disclosed.
These long-term health effects include “ALS, Alzheimer’s and other neurological degenerative diseases,” according to the report.
COVID-19 RNA Based Vaccines and the Risk of Prion Disease | Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021; 5(1): 1-3
https://scivisionpub.com/pdfs/covid19-rna-based-vaccines-and-the-risk-of-prion-disease-1503.pdf
This new report analyzed Pfizer’s vaccine for the “potential to induce prion-based disease in vaccine recipients.” Prion-based diseases are, as per the CDC, a form of neurodegenerative diseases.
Essentially, the report found that Pfizer’s COVID vaccine likely has the ability to cause long term damage and negative health effects in regards to the brain.
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Syncytin-1
| ERVW-1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Aliases | ERVW-1, ENV, ENVW, ERVWE1, HERV-7q, HERV-W-ENV, HERV7Q, HERVW, HERVWENV, endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope | ||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 604659 HomoloGene: 137309 GeneCards: ERVW-1 | ||||||
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| Orthologs | |||||||
| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||
| Entrez |
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| Ensembl |
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| UniProt |
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| RefSeq (mRNA) |
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| RefSeq (protein) |
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 7: 92.47 – 92.48 Mb | n/a | |||||
| PubMed search | [2] | n/a | |||||
| Wikidata | |||||||
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Syncytin-1 also known as enverin is a protein found in humans and other primates that is encoded by the ERVW-1 gene (endogenous retrovirus group W envelope member 1). Syncytin-1 is a cell-cell fusion protein whose function is best characterized in placental development.[3][4] The placenta in turn aids in embryo attachment to the uterus and establishment of a nutrient supply.
The gene encoding this protein is an endogenous retroviral element that is the remnant of an ancient retroviral infection integrated into the primate germ line. In the case of syncytin-1 (which is found in humans, apes, and Old World but not New World monkeys), this integration likely occurred more than 25 million years ago.[5] Syncytin-1 is one of two known syncytin proteins expressed in catarrhini primates (the other being syncytin-2) and one of many viral genomes incorporated on multiple occasions over evolutionary time in diverse mammalian species.[6]
ERVW-1 is located within ERVWE1,[7][8] a full length provirus on chromosome 7 at locus 7q21.2 flanked by long terminal repeats (LTRs) and is preceded by ERVW1 gag (Group AntiGen) and pol (POLymerase) within the provirus, both of which contain nonsense mutations rendering them non-coding.[9][10]
Syncytin-1 is also implicated in a number of neurological pathologies, most notably, multiple sclerosis, as an immunogen.
Placental development[edit]
Syncytin-1 mediated trophoblast fusion is essential for normal placental development. The early placental barrier is composed of two placenta specific cell layers: cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast layer. Cytotrophoblasts are continually dividing, non-differentiated cells and the syncytiotrophoblast is one, fully differentiated, non dividing, fused cell syncytium. Syncytin-1 expression on the surface of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast mediate fusion. The syncytiotrophoblast layer is the interface between the developing fetus and the maternal blood supply, which forms, together with the underlying basal membrane and the fetal endothelium the placental barrier. The placental barrier enables nutrient and waste exchange, while blocking maternal immune and other cells, particles and molecules from passing into the fetal blood circulation. Cytotrophoblasts are forced into senescence by fusion into the syncytiotrophoblast.[11] Therefore, cytotrophoblast proliferation is necessary for growth and maintenance of the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Syncytin-1 expression in cytotrophoblasts promotes G1/S transition and proliferation thereby ensuring continual replenishment of the cytotrophoblast pool.[12] The name syncytin derives from its involvement in the formation of syncytium, the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast protoplasm. There is another endogenous retroviral envelope protein expressed in the placenta from a different ERV family: syncytin-2 (of HERV-FRD).
Receptor[edit]
The syncytin-1 receptor is the Na-dependent amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2 or SLC1A5).[13][14] This receptor places syncytin-1 in a large viral interference group called retroviral mammalian type D receptor (RDR) interference group.[15] Syncytin-1 has been shown to interfere with viral infection in-vitro by RDR interference group member spleen necrosis virus.[16] Syncytin-1 can also recognize ASCT1 or SLC1A4, but this receptor is not a receptor for the RDR interference group. Mutation studies of syncytin-1 and of ASCT2 have provided insight into potential receptor binding domains and determinants. A putative receptor binding domain was identified in syncytin-1 at residues 117-144.[17] The amino acid sequence at this region is well conserved amongst RDR interference group members. The motif SDGGGX2DX2R is present in all RDR interference group members within this conserved region and may play an important role in binding. Preliminary evidence with syncytin-1 and spleen necrosis virus indicate this motif contains the ASCT2 binding determinants.[17][18][19]
The largest ectodomain of ASCT1 and ASCT2, extracellular loop 2 (ECL2), contains at its C-terminus a 21 residue hypervariable region between human, mouse, and hamster receptors. This region was shown to confer specificity to receptor binding by most RDR interference group members.[20] Both glycosylation pattern and amino acid sequence differences between human and rodent receptors are determinants in susceptibility to infection by RDR interference group members. Murine (mouse) ASCT1 expressing cells are only susceptible to syncytin-1 and another endogenous retroviral env protein (that of Baboon Endogenous Retrovirus) and human ASCT1 has only been shown to bind syncytin-1.[20] Further research is needed to elucidate ASCT and RDR binding determinants.
Structure[edit]
Syncytin-1 shares many structural elements with class I retroviral glycoproteins (such as, Murine Leukemia Virus gp, and HIV gp120, gp41). It is composed of a surface subunit (SU) and transmembrane subunit (TM), separated by a furin cleavage site.[8] The two subunits form a heterodimer and are likely linked by a disulfide bond between two conserved cysteine rich motifs: CXXC in SU and CX6CC in TM.[8] This heterodimer likely forms a homotrimer at the cell surface. Syncytin-1 TM contains the fusion peptide, and two heptad repeats separated by a chain reversal region common to class I retroviral glycoproteins. Syncytin-1 is a single pass membrane protein and has a relatively long cytoplasmic tail; however, truncation of the cytoplasmic tail to just 14 residues has been shown to increase fusogenic activity, indicating its C-terminus is likely involved in modulating fusion activity.[21]
Clinical significance[edit]
Pre-eclampsia[edit]
Hypoxic conditions characteristic of Pre-eclampsia and IUGR are associated with abnormal expression of syncytin-1 in trophoblast cells[22] and pre-eclamptic placental tissue has reduced levels of syncytin-1 expression.[23] Abnormal syncytin-1 expression likely plays an important role in placental pathologies.
Neurological pathologies[edit]
ERVW-1 is a single locus within the HERV-W family encoding a fully functional env protein. mRNA and protein expression of the ERVW-1 locus in neural tissue is implicated in neurodegeneration and development of multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis retrovirus like particle (MSRV) envelope protein shares high sequence similarity to ERVW-1 encoded syncytin-1 and has long been studied as an important factor in MS pathogenesis.[24] The gene locus of MSRV env has not been determined.
Preliminary evidence implicates aberrant expression of ERVW-1 in neuron and glial cells and HERV-W LTR mediated aberrant cellular protein expression in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.[17][25]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000242950 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Dupressoir A, Lavialle C, Heidmann T (September 2012). "From ancestral infectious retroviruses to bona fide cellular genes: role of the captured syncytins in placentation". Placenta. 33 (9): 663–71. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2012.05.005. PMID 22695103.
- ^ Soygur B, Sati L (2016). "The role of syncytins in human reproduction and reproductive organ cancers". Reproduction (Cambridge, England). 152 (5): R167–78. doi:10.1530/REP-16-0031. PMID 27486264.
- ^ Voisset C, Blancher A, Perron H, Mandrand B, Mallet F, Paranhos-Baccalà G (November 1999). "Phylogeny of a novel family of human endogenous retrovirus sequences, HERV-W, in humans and other primates". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 15 (17): 1529–33. doi:10.1089/088922299309810. PMID 10580403.
- ^ Lavialle C, Cornelis G, Dupressoir A, Esnault C, Heidmann O, Vernochet C, Heidmann T (September 2013). "Paleovirology of 'syncytins', retroviral env genes exapted for a role in placentation". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 368 (1626): 20120507. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0507. PMC 3758191. PMID 23938756.
- ^ Mallet F, Bouton O, Prudhomme S, Cheynet V, Oriol G, Bonnaud B, Lucotte G, Duret L, Mandrand B (2004). "The endogenous retroviral locus ERVWE1 is a bona fide gene involved in hominoid placental physiology". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (6): 1731–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.0305763101. PMC 341840. PMID 14757826.
- ^ a b c Cheynet V, Ruggieri A, Oriol G, Blond JL, Boson B, Vachot L, Verrier B, Cosset FL, Mallet F (May 2005). "Synthesis, assembly, and processing of the Env ERVWE1/syncytin human endogenous retroviral envelope". Journal of Virology. 79 (9): 5585–93. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.9.5585-5593.2005. PMC 1082723. PMID 15827173.
- ^ "ERVW-1 endogenous retrovirus group W member 1 [Homo sapiens (human)]". Gene - NCBI. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
- ^ Voisset C, Bouton O, Bedin F, Duret L, Mandrand B, Mallet F, Paranhos-Baccala G (May 2000). "Chromosomal distribution and coding capacity of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W family". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 16 (8): 731–40. doi:10.1089/088922200308738. PMID 10826480.
- ^ Chuprin A, Gal H, Biron-Shental T, Biran A, Amiel A, Rozenblatt S, Krizhanovsky V (November 2013). "Cell fusion induced by ERVWE1 or measles virus causes cellular senescence". Genes & Development. 27 (21): 2356–66. doi:10.1101/gad.227512.113. PMC 3828521. PMID 24186980.
- ^ Huang Q, Li J, Wang F, Oliver MT, Tipton T, Gao Y, Jiang SW (April 2013). "Syncytin-1 modulates placental trophoblast cell proliferation by promoting G1/S transition". Cellular Signalling. 25 (4): 1027–35. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.008. PMC 4644426. PMID 23333240.
- ^ Lavillette D, Marin M, Ruggieri A, Mallet F, Cosset FL, Kabat D (July 2002). "The envelope glycoprotein of human endogenous retrovirus type W uses a divergent family of amino acid transporters/cell surface receptors". Journal of Virology. 76 (13): 6442–52. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.13.6442-6452.2002. PMC 136247. PMID 12050356.
- ^ Blond JL, Lavillette D, Cheynet V, Bouton O, Oriol G, Chapel-Fernandes S, Mandrand B, Mallet F, Cosset FL (April 2000). "An envelope glycoprotein of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W is expressed in the human placenta and fuses cells expressing the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor". Journal of Virology. 74 (7): 3321–9. doi:10.1128/jvi.74.7.3321-3329.2000. PMC 111833. PMID 10708449.
- ^ Sommerfelt MA, Weiss RA (May 1990). "Receptor interference groups of 20 retroviruses plating on human cells". Virology. 176 (1): 58–69. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(90)90230-O. PMID 1691887.
- ^ Ponferrada VG, Mauck BS, Wooley DP (April 2003). "The envelope glycoprotein of human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W induces cellular resistance to spleen necrosis virus". Archives of Virology. 148(4): 659–75. doi:10.1007/s00705-002-0960-x. PMID 12664292. S2CID 9776756.
- ^ a b c Slokar G, Hasler G (January 2015). "Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Pathogenic Factors in the Development of Schizophrenia". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 6: 183. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00183. PMC 4707225. PMID 26793126.
- ^ Martinez I, Dornburg R (July 1995). "Mapping of receptor binding domains in the envelope protein of spleen necrosis virus". Journal of Virology. 69 (7): 4339–46. doi:10.1128/JVI.69.7.4339-4346.1995. PMC 189174. PMID 7769695.
- ^ Martinez I, Dornburg R (September 1996). "Mutational analysis of the envelope protein of spleen necrosis virus". Journal of Virology. 70 (9): 6036–43. doi:10.1128/JVI.70.9.6036-6043.1996. PMC 190624. PMID 8709226.
- ^ a b Marin M, Lavillette D, Kelly SM, Kabat D (March 2003). "N-linked glycosylation and sequence changes in a critical negative control region of the ASCT1 and ASCT2 neutral amino acid transporters determine their retroviral receptor functions". Journal of Virology. 77(5): 2936–45. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.5.2936-2945.2003. PMC 149750. PMID 12584318.
- ^ Drewlo S, Leyting S, Kokozidou M, Mallet F, Pötgens AJ (August 2006). "C-Terminal truncations of syncytin-1 (ERVWE1 envelope) that increase its fusogenicity". Biological Chemistry. 387 (8): 1113–20. doi:10.1515/BC.2006.137. PMID 16895482. S2CID 44993411.
- ^ Wich C, Kausler S, Dotsch J, Rascher W, Knerr I (2009-01-01). "Syncytin-1 and glial cells missing a: hypoxia-induced deregulated gene expression along with disordered cell fusion in primary term human trophoblasts" (PDF). Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 68 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1159/000209396. PMID 19321927. S2CID 207667965.
- ^ Holder BS, Tower CL, Abrahams VM, Aplin JD (June 2012). "Syncytin 1 in the human placenta". Placenta. 33 (6): 460–6. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2012.02.012. PMID 22381536.
- ^ Laufer G, Mayer J, Mueller BF, Mueller-Lantzsch N, Ruprecht K (April 2009). "Analysis of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus W env loci clarifies the origin of multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus env sequences". Retrovirology. 6: 37. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-6-37. PMC 2672075. PMID 19368703.
- ^ Karlsson H, Schröder J, Bachmann S, Bottmer C, Yolken RH (January 2004). "HERV-W-related RNA detected in plasma from individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder". Molecular Psychiatry. 9 (1): 12–3. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001439. PMID 14571258. Lay summary – Discover Magazine.
External links[edit]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncytin-1
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Prion
Prions are misfolded proteins with the ability to transmit their misfolded shape onto normal variants of the same protein. They characterize several fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases in humans and many other animals.[3] It is not known what causes the normal protein to misfold, but the abnormal three-dimensional structure is suspected of conferring infectious properties, collapsing nearby protein molecules into the same shape. The word prion derives from "proteinaceous infectious particle".[4][5][6] The hypothesized role of a protein as an infectious agent stands in contrast to all other known infectious agents such as viroids, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, all of which contain nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, or both).
Transmission[edit]
It has been recognized that prion diseases can arise in three different ways: acquired, familial, or sporadic.[75] It is often assumed that the diseased form directly interacts with the normal form to make it rearrange its structure. One idea, the "Protein X" hypothesis, is that an as-yet unidentified cellular protein (Protein X) enables the conversion of PrPC to PrPSc by bringing a molecule of each of the two together into a complex.[76]
The primary method of infection in animals is through ingestion. It is thought that prions may be deposited in the environment through the remains of dead animals and via urine, saliva, and other body fluids. They may then linger in the soil by binding to clay and other minerals.[77]
A University of California research team has provided evidence for the theory that infection can occur from prions in manure.[78] And, since manure is present in many areas surrounding water reservoirs, as well as used on many crop fields, it raises the possibility of widespread transmission.
It was reported in January 2011 that researchers had discovered prions spreading through airborne transmission on aerosol particles, in an animal testing experiment focusing on scrapie infection in laboratory mice.[79]
Preliminary evidence supporting the notion that prions can be transmitted through use of urine-derived human menopausal gonadotropin, administered for the treatment of infertility, was published in 2011.[80]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion
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